Graphite i allotrope ye elemental kabhoni, apo imwe neimwe kabhoni atomu yakakomberedzwa nemamwe matatu matatu maatomu ekabhoni (akarongwa muzinga reuchi sepateni ine mahexagoni akawanda) anosungirirwa zvakabatana kuti aumbe covalent mamorekuru.

Graphite ine zvinotevera zvakakosha zvivakwa nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakakosha:

1) Kupisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro: Nzvimbo yakanyunguduka yegraphite i3850 ± 50 ℃, uye nzvimbo yekubikira i4250 ℃.Kunyangwe mushure mekupiswa ne-ultra-high tembiricha arc, kurasikirwa kwehuremu kuduku zvikuru, uye coefficient yekuwedzera kwekushisa zvakare iduku zvikuru.Simba re graphite rinowedzera nekupisa, uye pa2000 ℃, simba re graphite rinowedzera kaviri.

2) Conductivity uye thermal conductivity: The conductivity of graphite yakapetwa kazana kupfuura iyo ye general non-metallic minerals.Thermal conductivity inodarika iyo yezvinhu zvesimbi zvakaita sesimbi, iron, uye lead.Thermal conductivity inodzikira nekuwedzera tembiricha, uye kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya, graphite inova insulator.Graphite inogona kuitisa magetsi nekuti imwe neimwe kabhoni atomu mugraphite inongoumba matatu covalent zvisungo nemamwe maatomu ekabhoni, uye atomu imwe neimwe kabhoni ichiri kuchengeta erekitironi imwe yemahara kuendesa machaji.

3) Lubricity: Kuita kwekuzora kwegraphite kunoenderana nehukuru hwema graphite flakes.Iyo yakakura maflakes, idiki iyo friction coefficient, uye zvirinani kuita kwekuzora.

4) Kugadzikana kweKemikari: Graphite ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekemikari pane tembiricha yekamuri, uye inogona kumira asidhi, alkali, uye organic solvent corrosion.

5) Plasticity: Graphite ine kusimba kwakanaka uye inogona kukuyiwa kuita mapepa matete.

6) Thermal shock resistance: Graphite inogona kumira zvakanyanya kushanduka kwekushisa pasina kukuvara kana ichishandiswa pakamuri tembiricha.Apo tembiricha inongoerekana yachinja, vhoriyamu yegraphite haichinji zvakanyanya uye haizotsemuka.

Kushandisa:
1. Inoshandiswa sechinhu chinopesana: Graphite uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvine maitiro ekudzivirira kwekushisa kwepamusoro uye simba guru.Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yesimbi kugadzira graphite crucibles.Mukugadzira simbi, graphite inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinodzivirira chesimbi ingots uye semucheka wesimbi yesimbi.

2. Sechinhu chinoitisa: chinoshandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi kugadzira maelectrode, mabhurashi, kabhoni rodhi, kabhobhu machubhu, maelectrode akanaka emekiriya rectifiers, magirafu gaskets, nhare dzefoni, mabhanhire emachubhu eterevhizheni, nezvimwe.

3. Sechinhu chinopisa chinodzivirira mafuta: Graphite inowanzoshandiswa semafuta muindasitiri yemagetsi.Mafuta ekuzora kazhinji haagone kushandiswa pasi pekumhanya kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakakwira, uye yakanyanya kudzvanywa, nepo graphite isingapfekere zvinhu zvinogona kushanda pasina mafuta ekuzora pakumhanya kwakanyanya pakudziya kwe200-2000 ℃.Midziyo mizhinji inotakura corrosive media inoshandisa graphite zvinhu zvakanyanya kugadzira makapu episton, zvindori zvekuisa chisimbiso, uye mabearings, izvo zvisingadi kuwedzerwa mafuta ekuzora panguva yekushanda.Graphite emulsion zvakare yakanaka lubricant kune akawanda simbi kugadzirisa (waya kudhirowa, chubhu kudhirowa).
4. Graphite ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari.Yakanyanya kugadziridzwa graphite, ine hunhu hwakadai secorrosion resistance, yakanaka thermal conductivity, uye low permeability, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwekupisa, matangi ekuita, macondensers, shongwe dzekupisa, shongwe dzekunyudza, zvinotonhorera, zvinopisa, mafirita, uye pombi zvekushandisa.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zveindasitiri senge petrochemicals, hydrometallurgy, acid-base kugadzirwa, synthetic fibers, uye kugadzira mapepa, inogona kuchengetedza huwandu hukuru hwesimbi zvinhu.

Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yeimpermeable graphite inosiyana mukudzivisa kuora nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzaunayo.Phenolic resin impregnators inodzivirira asidhi asi kwete alkali inodzivirira;Furfuryl doro resin impregnators ese ari maviri asidhi uye alkali inodzivirira.Kupisa kwekupisa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kunosiyanawo: kabhoni uye graphite inogona kumira 2000-3000 ℃ mumhepo inoderedza, uye inotanga kuisa oxidize pa 350 ℃ uye 400 ℃ mune oxidizing atmosphere, maererano;Iyo yakasiyana-siyana isingapindiki graphite inosiyana neinoisa pamuviri, uye kazhinji inodzivirira kupisa kusvika pasi pe180 ℃ nekuisa pamuviri ne phenolic kana furfuryl doro.

5. Inoshandiswa pakukanda, kutendeuka kwejecha, kuumba, uye yakakwirira-kupisa metallurgical materials: Pamusana pediki coefficient yekuwedzera kwekushisa kwe graphite uye kukwanisa kwayo kutsungirira kuchinja kwekukurumidza kutonhora uye kupisa, inogona kushandiswa se mold ye glassware.Mushure mekushandisa graphite, simbi nhema inogona kuwana ma castings ane chaiwo dimensions, yakatsetseka pamusoro, uye goho repamusoro.Inogona kushandiswa pasina kugadzirisa kana zvishoma kugadzirisa, nokudaro kuchengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi.Powder metallurgy maitiro akadai sekugadzira ma alloys akaomarara anowanzo shandisa magirafu zvinhu kugadzira mabhoti eceramic ekutsikirira uye sintering.Iyo crystal yekukura crucible, yedunhu yekunatsa mudziyo, inotsigira fixture, induction hita, nezvimwe zvemonocrystalline silicon zvese zvinogadziriswa kubva kumusoro-kuchena graphite.Mukuwedzera, graphite inogonawo kushandiswa se graphite insulation board uye base for vacuum smelting, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakadai sepamusoro-tembiricha yekudzivirira machubhu, tsvimbo, mahwendefa, uye grids.

6. Inoshandiswa muindasitiri yesimba reatomu uye indasitiri yedziviriro yenyika: Graphite ine mamodereta enyuturoni akanakisa anoshandiswa mumaatomu, uye uranium graphite reactor imhando inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yeatomic reactor.Iyo yekudzikisira zvinhu inoshandiswa mumaatomu maatomu emagetsi anofanirwa kunge aine nzvimbo yakakwira yekunyungudika, kugadzikana, uye kushora, uye graphite inogona kuzadzisa zvizere zvinodiwa pamusoro.Kuchena kunodiwa kwegraphite inoshandiswa mumaatomu reactor kwakakwira zvakanyanya, uye izvo zvinosvibisa hazvifanirwe kudarika gumi nemaviri ePPM.Kunyanya, iyo boron yemukati inofanirwa kuve isingasviki 0.5PPM.Muindasitiri yedziviriro yenyika, graphite inoshandiswawo kugadzira mhino dzemaroketi emafuta akasimba, makoni emhuno ezvombo zvekupotsera, zvikamu zvemidziyo yekufambisa yemuchadenga, zvidzitiro zvekudzivirira, uye anti radiation.

7. Graphite inogonawo kudzivirira boiler kuyera.Yakakodzera unit bvunzo dzakaratidza kuti kuwedzera imwe chiyero che graphite poda (inenge 4-5 magiramu patani yemvura) kumvura kunogona kudzivirira boiler pamusoro scaling.Uyezve, kunamira kwegirafu pazvichemi zvesimbi, matenga, mabhiriji, uye mapaipi zvinogona kudzivirira kuita ngura uye ngura.

Graphite inogona kushandiswa sepenzura inotungamira, pigment, uye polishing agent.Mushure mekugadziriswa kwakakosha, graphite inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akasiyana akakosha zvinhu zveakakodzera maindasitiri zvikamu.