Kaolin is a non-metallic mineral, inova rudzi rwevhu nevhu dombo rinonyanya kuumbwa nekaolinite boka revhu zvicherwa.Nekuda kwekuchena kwayo uye kutetepa kutaridzika, inozivikanwa zvakare seBaiyun ivhu.Yakatumidzwa zita reGaoling Village muJingdezhen, Jiangxi Province.

Kaolin yayo yakachena ichena, yakapfava, uye yakapfava mukugadzirwa kwayo, ine yakanaka yemuviri uye makemikari zvinhu zvakaita sepurasitiki uye kudzivirira moto.Kuumbwa kwayo kwemaminerari kunonyanya kuumbwa nekaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, pamwe chete nemaminerari akadai sequartz uye feldspar.Kaolin ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa, kunyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira mapepa, ceramics, uye refractory zvinhu, inoteverwa neaya, rabha fillers, enamel glazes, uye chena simende mbishi zvinhu.Muzvishoma, inoshandiswa mupurasitiki, pendi, pigment, mavhiri ekukuya, mapenzura, zvizoro zvezuva nezuva, sipo, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, mishonga yemishonga, machira, peturu, makemikari, zvekuvaka, kudzivirira kwenyika uye mamwe maindasitiri.

Maitiro maitiro
Kupeta Kuchena Kupenya

Kuchena ndeimwe yemhando huru yekushanda kwetekinoroji yekaolin, uye yakakwirira-kuchena kaolin ichena.Kuchena kwekaolin kwakakamurwa kuita kuchena kwechisikigo uye kuchena kwecalcined.Zveceramic raw materials, kuchena mushure mekuverenga kunonyanya kukosha, uye iyo yakakwirira ye calcined whiteness, zviri nani kunaka.Iyo ceramic process inotaura kuti kuomeswa pa105 ℃ ndiyo chiyero chekuyera kuchena kwechisikigo, uye calcining pa1300 ℃ ndiyo giredhi chiyero chekuchena kwecalcined.Huchena hunogona kuyerwa pachishandiswa mita yekuchena.Meta yehuchena inoyera kupenya kwe3800-7000Å Mudziyo wekuyera kupenya kwechiedza pahurefu hwe (kureva, 1 angstrom=0.1 nanometers).Mune mita yehuchena, kuratidzwa kwemuenzaniso webvunzo kunofananidzwa neiyo yemhando yemuenzaniso (yakadai seBaSO4, MgO, nezvimwewo), zvichikonzera kukosha kwekuchena (sekuchena kwe90, iyo yakaenzana ne90% ye kuratidzwa kwemuenzaniso wakajairika).

Kupenya inzvimbo yekugadzira yakafanana nehuchena, yakaenzana ne 4570Å Kuchena kuri pasi pe (angstrom) wavelength light irradiation.

Ruvara rwekaolin runonyanya kuenderana nesimbi okisijeni kana organic matter yainayo.Kazhinji ine Fe2O3, inoratidzika yakasimuka yakatsvuka uye yakashava yero;Iine Fe2+, inoita seyakajeka yebhuruu uye yakajeka yegirini;Iine MnO2, inoita seyakajeka muvara;Kana iine organic matter, inoonekwa muchiedza yero, grey, bhuruu, dema uye mamwe mavara.Izvi zvinosvibisa zviripo, zvichideredza kuchena kwechisikigo kwekaolin.Pakati pavo, simbi uye titanium zvicherwa zvinogona zvakare kukanganisa calcined kuchena, zvichikonzera mavara mavara kana kunyungudutsa mavanga pane porcelain.

Kupeta saizi yechikamu
Particle size distribution inoreva chiyero chezvikamu zviri mu kaolin yechisikigo mukati menguva yakapihwa inoenderera yemhando dzakasiyana siyana (inotaridzwa mumamilimita kana micrometer mesh), inoratidzirwa muchikamu chemukati.Iyo particle size yekugovera maitiro e kaolin akakosha zvikuru pakusarudzika uye maitiro ekushandiswa kweores.Hukuru hwayo hune simba rakakosha papurasitiki yayo, dhaka viscosity, ion kuchinjana simba, kuumba kuita, kuomesa kuita, uye kuita kwekupfura.Kaolin ore inoda kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi, uye kana iri nyore kugadzirisa kune inodiwa fineness yave imwe yezviyero zvekuongorora ore mhando.Dhipatimendi rega rega remaindasitiri rine zvinodiwa pakukura kwechikamu uye kunaka kwekaolin kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana.Kana United States ichida kuti kaolin inoshandiswa sechifukidzo ive isingasviki 2 μ Zvinyorwa zvem zvinokwana 90-95%, uye mapepa ekuzadza mapepa ari pasi pe2 μ M anoverengera 78-80%.

Peta kusunga
Adhesion inoreva kugona kwekaolin kusanganisa neasiri epurasitiki mbishi kugadzira madhaka epurasitiki uye kuve nemwero wakati wekuomesa.Kutemerwa kwekugona kusunga kunosanganisira kuwedzera chiyero chejecha requartz (rine uwandu hwakaumbwa hwe 0.25-0.15 particle size fraction accounting for 70% uye 0.15-0.09mm particle size fraction accounting for 30%) kune kaolin.Tichitarisa kureba kwayo kwakavakirwa pajecha rayo repamusoro-soro kana richiri kukwanisa kuchengetedza ivhu revhu repurasitiki uye simba rayo rekushandura mushure mekuoma, kuwedzera kwejecha rinowedzerwa, kusimba kwekusunga kwekaolin iyi.Kazhinji, kaolin ine purasitiki yakasimba inewo simba rekusunga rakasimba.

Kupeta kunamira
Viscosity (Viscosity) zvinoreva hunhu hwemvura inotadzisa kuyerera kwayo nekuda kwekukweshana kwemukati.Hukuru hwayo (kuita pa 1 unit nzvimbo yemukati friction) inomiririrwa ne viscosity, muzvikamu zvePa · s.Kutemerwa kweviscosity kunowanzoyerwa pachishandiswa rotational viscometer, iyo inoyera kumhanya kwekutenderera mudhaka rekaolin rine 70% yakasimba.Mukugadzira maitiro, viscosity yakakosha zvikuru.Haisi chete yakakosha parameter muindasitiri yeceramic, asi zvakare ine simba rakakura paindasitiri yekugadzira mapepa.Maererano nedheta, kana uchishandisa kaolin sechifukidzo kune dzimwe nyika, viscosity inotarisirwa kuva inenge 0.5Pa · s yekuvhara-kumhanya-pasi uye pasi pe1.5Pa · s yekumhanya-mhanya.

Thixotropy inoreva maitiro ayo slurry yakave yakasvibiswa mu gel uye haichayerera inova mvura mushure mekusimbiswa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inowedzera muhutano hwepakutanga mushure mokunge yakamira.Iyo ukobvu coefficient inoshandiswa kumiririra saizi yayo, uye inoyerwa uchishandisa outflow viscometer uye capillary viscometer.

Iyo viscosity uye thixotropy yakabatana nemaminerari ekuumbwa, particle size, uye cation mhando mumatope.Kazhinji, avo vane yakakwira yemukati memontmorillonite, yakanaka zvimedu, uye sodium seyo huru inochinjika cation vane yakakwira viscosity uye thickening coefficient.Naizvozvo, mukuita izvi, nzira dzakadai sekuwedzera ivhu repurasitiki zvakanyanya uye kunatsiridza kunaka kunowanzoshandiswa kuvandudza viscosity yayo uye thixotropy, nepo nzira dzakadai sekuwedzera diluted electrolyte uye zvemukati zvemvura zvinoshandiswa kudzikisira.