Graphite icrystalline fomu yekabhoni.Hexagonal crystal system, mune inki yesimbi kune yakasviba grey ruvara.Density 2.25 g/cm3, kuoma 1.5, melting point 3652 ℃, bhoiling point 4827 ℃.Yakapfava mukugadzirwa, ine yakatsetseka uye inoitisa kunzwa.Mishonga yemakemikari haisi kushanda, isingadziviriri, uye haisi nyore kushandiswa neasidhi, alkalis, nezvimwewo. Kusimbisa kupisa mumhepo kana oksijeni kunogona kupisa uye kugadzira carbon dioxide.Maoxidants akasimba anoiisa mu organic acids.Inoshandiswa senge anti friction agent uye mafuta ekuzora, kugadzira macrucibles, electrode, mabhatiri akaoma, uye penzura inotungamira.High kuchena graphite inogona kushandiswa seneutron moderator mune nuclear reactors.Inowanzo kunzi marasha kana muto mutema nekuti yaimbofungidzirwa kuti mutobvu.

Kushandiswa kukuru kwegraphite:

1. Inoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinoramba: Graphite uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvine maitiro ekudzivirira kwekushisa kwepamusoro uye simba, uye inonyanya kushandiswa mumhizha ye metallurgical kugadzira girafu crucibles.Mukugadzira simbi, graphite inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinodzivirira chesimbi ingots uye semucheka wesimbi yesimbi.

2. Sechinhu chinoitisa: chinoshandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi kugadzira maelectrode, mabhurashi, kabhoni rodhi, kabhobhu machubhu, maelectrode akanaka emercury positive ano kushandura, magirafu gaskets, nhare dzefoni, mabhanhire emachubhu eterevhizheni, nezvimwewo.

3. Sechinhu chinopisa chinodzivirira mafuta: Graphite inowanzoshandiswa semafuta muindasitiri yemagetsi.Mafuta ekuzora kazhinji haagone kushandiswa pasi pekumhanya-mhanya, kudziya kwepamusoro, uye kudzvanywa kwepamusoro, nepo graphite isingapfekere zvinhu zvinogona kushanda pasina mafuta ekuzora pakumhanya kwakanyanya pakudziya kwe200-2000 ℃.Midziyo mizhinji inotakura corrosive media inogadzirwa zvakanyanya negraphite material kugadzira makapu episton, zvindori zvekuisa chisimbiso, nemabearings, izvo zvisingadi kuwedzerwa mafuta ekuzora panguva yekushanda.Graphite emulsion zvakare yakanaka lubricant kune akawanda simbi kugadzirisa (waya kudhirowa, chubhu kudhirowa).

4. Graphite ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari.Yakanyanya kugadziridzwa graphite ine hunhu hwekusaita ngura, yakanaka yekupisa conductivity, uye yakaderera permeability, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira kupisa kunopisa, matangi ekuita, macondensers, shongwe dzekupisa, shongwe dzekunyudza, zvinotonhorera, zvinopisa, mafirita, uye pombi michina.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zveindasitiri senge petrochemical, hydrometallurgy, acid-base kugadzirwa, synthetic fibers, papermaking, nezvimwewo, inogona kuchengetedza yakawanda yesimbi zvinhu.

Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yeimpermeable graphite inosiyana mukudzivisa kuora nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzaunayo.Phenolic resin impregnators inodzivirira asidhi asi kwete alkali inodzivirira;Furfuryl doro resin impregnators ese ari maviri asidhi uye alkali inodzivirira.Kupisa kwekupisa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kunosiyanawo: kabhoni uye graphite inogona kumira 2000-3000 ℃ mumhepo inoderedza, uye inotanga kuisa oxidize pa 350 ℃ uye 400 ℃ maererano mumhepo ine oxidizing;Iyo yakasiyana-siyana isingapindiki graphite inosiyana neinoisa pamuviri, uye kazhinji inodzivirira kupisa kusvika pasi pe180 ℃ nekuisa pamuviri ne phenolic kana furfuryl doro.

5. Inoshandiswa pakukanda, jecha, kuumba, uye yakakwirira-kupisa metallurgical materials: Pamusana peiyo diki yekuwedzera kwekushisa kwe graphite uye kukwanisa kwayo kutsungirira kuchinja kwekukurumidza kutonhora uye kupisa, inogona kushandiswa se mold ye glassware.Mushure mekushandisa graphite, simbi yakasviba inogona kuwana chaiyo yekukanda zviyero, yakakwirira pamusoro pepamusoro uye goho, uye inogona kushandiswa pasina kugadzirisa kana kushoma kugadziridzwa, nekudaro kuchengetedza yakawanda simbi.Kugadzirwa kweakaomeswa alloys uye humwe hupfu simbi simbi maitiro anowanzo sanganisira kushandisa magirafu zvinhu kugadzira mabhoti e ceramic ekutsikirira uye sintering.Iyo crystal yekukura crucible, yedunhu yekunatsa mudziyo, inotsigira fixture, induction hita, nezvimwe zvemonocrystalline silicon zvese zvinogadziriswa kubva kumusoro-kuchena graphite.Uye zvakare, graphite inogona zvakare kushandiswa senge graphite insulation board uye base yevacuum smelting, ine yakanyanya tembiricha kuramba.

6. Inoshandiswa muindasitiri yesimba reatomu uye indasitiri yedziviriro yenyika: Graphite ine mamodhireta akanakisa enyuturoni ekushandisa mumaatomu, uye uranium-graphite reactor imhando inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yeatomic reactor.Iyo yekudzikisira zvinhu inoshandiswa mumaatomu maatomu emagetsi anofanirwa kunge aine nzvimbo yakakwira yekunyungudika, kugadzikana, uye kushora, uye graphite inogona kuzadzisa zvizere zvinodiwa pamusoro.Kuchena kunodiwa kwegraphite inoshandiswa seatomu reactor kwakakwira zvakanyanya, uye izvo zvinosvibisa hazvifanirwe kudarika gumi nemaviri ePPM.Kunyanya, iyo boron yemukati inofanirwa kuve isingasviki 0.5PPM.Muindasitiri yedziviriro yenyika, magirafu anoshandiswawo kugadzira maroketi emafuta akasimba, makoni emhuno ezvombo zvinokandwa, zvikamu zvemidziyo yekufambisa yemuchadenga, zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira, uye zvinhu zvekudzivirira mwaranzi.

7. Graphite inogonawo kudzivirira boiler kuyera.Yakakodzera unit test yakaratidza kuti kuwedzera imwe chiyero che graphite poda (inenge 4-5 magiramu patani yemvura) kumvura kunogona kudzivirira boiler pamusoro scaling.Uyezve, kunamira kwegirafu pazvichemi zvesimbi, matenga, mabhiriji, uye mapaipi zvinogona kudzivirira kuita ngura uye ngura.

8. Graphite inogona kushandiswa sepenzura lead, pigment, uye polishing agent.Mushure mekugadziriswa kwakakosha, graphite inogona kugadzirwa kuva akasiyana akakosha ekushandisa mumadhipatimendi akakodzera maindasitiri.

9. Electrode: Graphite ine conductivity yakanaka uye kushorwa kushoma.Graphite electrode inogona kugadzirwa yekunyungudutsa mavira uye emagetsi arc furnaces mumafekitori esimbi nesilicon.