Muchikamu chekuvaka migwagwa, magirafu erabha anoita basa guru uye risingatsiviwi mukugadzirisa asphalt nekuvandudza mashandiro akazara enzira dzemugwagwa. Kana akabatanidzwa zvakaenzana nebitumen, magirafu erabha haangobatsiri chete kusimba uye kusimba kwekuchinja kwemusanganiswa weasphalt zvakanyanya asi anowedzerawo kugona kwemisanganiswa iyi kutsungirira mutoro wemotokari unodzokororwa, nokudaro zvichideredza kuitika kwemakumbo, kutsemuka, uye makomba pasi pekuchinja kwakanyanya kwekupisa—ingava kubikwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya muzhizha kana kutonhora kwakanyanya muchando. Asphalt yakadaro yakagadziriswa inoratidzawo kusimba kwekuneta uye kusimba kwemvura, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwese hwebasa remigwagwa ne30% kusvika 50% zvichienzaniswa netsika dzekare dzeasphalt. Miedzo mikuru yazvino mumapurojekiti ekuvharwa kwemigwagwa yekumaruwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana yakaratidza kuti kuisa magirafu erabha senzira dzekuwedzera hakungodzikisi kushandiswa kweaggregates dzechisikigo chete asiwo kunoderedza zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye kubvisa guruva, zvichiunza mabhenefiti anoshanda uye anooneka pakufamba kwevagari vemo uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kugadzirwa kweasphalt yerabha kunoda kudzorwa kwakanyatsojeka kwekupisa kwekusanganisa, nguva yekusanganisa, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti granules dzerabha dziri kupararira zvakaenzana mu bitumen matrix, nokudaro zvichiwedzera simba radzo uye kudzivirira kuungana kwenzvimbo kunogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemugwagwa.
Nzvimbo dzemitambo nedzekuvaraidza dzinomiririra imwe nzvimbo huru uye iri kukura nekukurumidza yekushandisa rabha granules. Sezvinhu zvakakosha zvekuzadza uswa hwekugadzira, rabha granules dzinozadza mipata iri pakati pemashinda ehuswa hwekugadzira, zvichipa nzvimbo dzakapfava, dzinobata kuvhunduka, uye dzisingatsvedzeri. Izvi hazvingogadziri kuchengetedzeka kwevatambi panguva yemitambo—zvichideredza njodzi yekudonha nekukuvara—asi zvinowedzerawo ruzivo rwekutamba nekutevedzera kunzwa kwehuswa hwechisikigo. Rabha granules dzine mavara, dzinogadziriswa nekuwedzera pigments dzisingakuvadzi nharaunda panguva yekugadzira uye dzinowanikwa mumavara akasiyana-siyana akajeka segirini, tsvuku, bhuruu, neyero, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka nzira dzekumhanya, nhandare dzenhabvu, matare etenisi, nenzvimbo dzemitambo dzevana. Aya magirabhu ane mavara haangogumiri pazvinodiwa zvekuparadzanisa nzvimbo dzemitambo asiwo ane hunhu hwakanaka hwakadai sekudzivirira kupfeka, dziviriro yeUV, kunonoka kwemurazvo, uye kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze, zvichiita kuti ruvara uye mashandiro enzvimbo yacho zvirambe zvakagadzikana kwenguva yakareba. Magranule erabha eEPDM, rudzi rwakasiyana rwemagranule erabha ekugadzira akagadzirwa zvakanaka, anonyanya kufarirwa mumitambo yehunyanzvi nekuda kwekudzivirira kwawo oxidation, kuramba ozone, uye kuchinjika kwakaderera pakupisa. Kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akadai semwaranzi ye ultraviolet yakasimba, mvura yakawanda, uye kusiyana kukuru kwekupisa, magranule erabha eEPDM anogona kuchengetedza chimiro chawo uye kugadzikana, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo dzemitambo dzigare kwenguva refu.
Tekinoroji yekugadzira ma granules erabha iri kuramba ichichinja-chinja, nekupwanya kwemuviri uye kupwanya nechando pakupisa kushoma ndiyo nzira huru muindasitiri. Tekinoroji yekupwanya kwemuviri, iyo inowanzo sanganisira maitiro akadai sekupwanya matayi, kupatsanura waya yesimbi, uye granulation, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemaitiro ayo ekukura uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira. Zvisinei, inogona kukonzera kukwegura kwechikamu cherabha nekuda kwekupisa kwekukweshana kunokonzerwa nekupwanya. Kusiyana neizvi, tekinoroji yekupwanya nechando pakupisa kushoma inoshandisa liquid nitrogen kuti itonhore rabha yemarara nekukurumidza kusvika yaoma, yozoipwanya kuita granules. Nzira iyi inoderedza kukwegura kwerabha panguva yekugadzirisa, ichigadzira granules dzine maumbirwo akajairwa, saizi dzakaenzana dzezvimedu, uye nzvimbo dzakaomarara dzinogona kubatana zvakasimba nezvimwe zvinhu. Mushure mekupwanya kwekutanga, maitiro anotevera ekuyera uye ekuongorora, anoshandisa masefa akawanda emeshes akasiyana, anoisa granules dzerabha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehukuru kuti anyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa—semuenzaniso, granules dzerabha dzakapfava dzine saizi dzezvimedu pasi pe1mm dzakakodzera kugadziriswa kweasphalt, granules dzepakati nepakati dze1-3mm dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza huswa hwekugadzira, uye granules dzakakora pamusoro pe3mm dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza mugwagwa uye shock absorption layers. Pamusoro pezvo, matekinoroji ekugadzirisa makemikari akadai sekugadzirisa pamusoro pemvura uye kugadzirisa grafting zvinowedzera kuenderana uye simba rekubatanidza pakati pemarara erabha nebitumen, zvinhu zvepolymer, nezvimwe zvinhu, zvichivandudza mashandiro ese ezvinhu zvakasanganiswa uye kuwedzera miganhu yekushandisa marara erabha.
Musika wepasi rose werabha granules uri kukura zvakatsiga uye zvinoenderera mberi, zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekudyara kwekuvaka zvivakwa zvepasi rose, kuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwezvivakwa zvemitambo nemitambo, uye kuwedzera kuri kuita kusimbiswa kwekudzokororwa kwemataira emarara. North America neEurope dzichiri misika mikuru yerabha granules, nekuda kwehurongwa hwavo hwekudzokororwa kwemarara emarara, mitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza, uye kudiwa kukuru kwezvivakwa zvemitambo zvemhando yepamusoro. Munzvimbo idzi, kushandiswa kwerabha granules mukuvaka migwagwa nenzvimbo dzemitambo dzehunyanzvi kwakajairika. Panguva iyi, dunhu reAsia-Pacific rinoratidza kukura kwakasimba uye nekukurumidza, zvichikurudzirwa nekuwedzera kuri kuita maguta, kuvaka migwagwa mikuru, uye kufarirwa kuri kuita mitambo munyika dziri kusimukira dzakadai seChina, India, nenyika dzeSoutheast Asia. Vatambi vakuru mumusika wepasi rose werabha granules vari kutarisa pakuvandudza tekinoroji kuti vavandudze mhando yezvigadzirwa uye kugona kugadzira, pamwe nekuwedzera kugona kusangana nekudiwa kuri kukura kwemusika. Kushanda pamwe chete muindasitiri kwavewo chinhu chakakosha - vatengesi vezvinhu zvekugadzira, mabhizinesi ekugadzira, uye makambani ekushandisa ari pasi vari kusimbisa kushandira pamwe kuti vagadzirise cheni yekugovera, kugadzirisa kusiyana kwezvinhu zverabha zvemarara, uye pamwe chete kukurudzira kurongeka uye kusimudzira indasitiri yerabha granules.
Pasinei nekushandiswa kwadzo kwakapararira uye mukana wakakosha wemusika, ma granules erabha achiri kutarisana nematambudziko akati wandei uye zvipingamupinyi mukukura kwemaindasitiri. Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru kudzora hwema panguva yekugadzirisa nekushandisa. Munguva yekugadzira ma granules erabha, kunyanya maitiro ekugadzirisa tembiricha yepamusoro, uye kana ikashandiswa munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya senge nzvimbo dzemumugwagwa dzezhizha kana nzvimbo dzemitambo dzakavharirwa, ma granules erabha anogona kuburitsa makemikari anoshanduka eorganic, zvichikonzera hwema husina kunaka hunokanganisa ruzivo rwemushandisi. Chimwe chinetso chikuru ndechekugadzirisa dosage mumisanganiswa yakasiyana. Dosage yakakwana ye granules dzerabha inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandisa—semuenzaniso, dosage mukuchinja asphalt yakasiyana neiri muhuswa hwekugadzira, uye dosage yakawandisa kana isina kukwana inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira, zvakaita sekuderedza simba remugwagwa kana kuderedza shock absorption effect. Izvi zvinoda kutsvagurudza kwakadzama kuri kuenderera mberi uye huwandu hwakawanda hwekuongorora kwekuyedza kuti uone huwandu hwakakodzera hwemamiriro akasiyana ekushandisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzwa kwemazinga eindasitiri akabatana uye ane mvumo uye nzira dzekuedza kunoramba kuri basa rekukurumidzira pasi rese.
