Kutaura kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaitika mugore kubva pakatanga denda reCCIDID-19, uku kushomeka kwezviitiko zveepic, zvekuti zvakaoma kurangarira mazuva ekutanga enharaunda yehardware hacker yaishandisa ruzhinji. -yakagadzirwa PPE maitiro., Homemade ventilator uye zvichingodaro.Nekudaro, isu hatiyeuke kuti kwaive nekuedza kwakawanda kuvaka iyi DIY oxygen concentrator panguva yekutanga yekuwedzera chikamu.
Tichifunga nezvekureruka uye kushanda kwedhizaini inonzi OxiKit, zvinoita sezvisinganzwisisike kuti hatisati taona mimwe michina yakadai.OxiKit inoshandisa zeolite, ine porous mineral iyo inogona kushandiswa se molecular sieve.Iwo mabhero madiki anorongedzerwa muhumburumbira yakagadzirwa nePVC mapaipi uye mafittings kubva muchitoro chehardware, uye akabatanidzwa kune isina mafuta air compressor kuburikidza nepneumatic valve inodzorwa nenhamba ye solenoid mavharuvhu.Mushure mekutonhodzwa mucoil yemhangura, mweya wakadzvanywa unomanikidzwa kupfuura nepa zeolite column inonyatso chengeta nitrogen uku ichibvumira okisijeni kupfuura.Rukova rweokisijeni rwakapatsanurwa, chimwe chikamu chinopinda mubhafa tangi, uye chimwe chikamu chinopinda kunze kweyechipiri zeolite shongwe, uko iyo nitrogen yakamanikidzwa inoburitswa.Iyo Arduino inodzora vharuvhu kuti itenderere gasi ichidzoka nekudzoka kuti ibudise marita gumi nemashanu e96% okisijeni yakachena paminiti.
OxiKit haina kugadzirwa seyekutengesa okisijeni jenareta, saka haina kunyanya kunyarara.Asi izvi zvakachipa zvakanyanya pane zvekutengesa yuniti, uye kune vakawanda hackers, zviri nyore kuvaka.Magadzirirwo eOxiKit ese akavhurika sosi, asi anotengesa maturusi emidziyo uye zvimwe zvakaoma-kutenga-zvikamu uye zvinobatika, senge zeolite.Tichaedza kuvaka chimwe chinhu chakadai nekuti tekinoroji yacho yakatsvinda.Kuve ne-high-flow oxygen source haisi pfungwa yakaipa zvakare.
15 litres paminiti inoita seinoshamisira.Panyaya yechiyero, zvakakwana kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu vanomwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa (munhu wega @ 2 litita paminiti).
Ndagara ndichida kuziva kuti zvinoshanda sei.Inonakidza.Zvinoita sezvinenge zvichityora mitemo ye thermodynamics, asi hazvisizvo.
Nehuwandu hwakakura hweokisijeni inogadzirwa, ndinoda kuziva kuti chii chichaitika kana ukaturika mwana uyu painjini yemotokari uye/kana kuikudza.Inogona kunge yakaita nitrite.Izvi zvichave zvakachengeteka, nekuti iwe unogona kuzvimisa kuitira kuti "yakachena" okisijeni inogadzirwa inopedzwa nekukurumidza pedyo nejini pane kuchengetwa chero kupi.Zvisinei, ndinofanira kutanga ndagadzirisa motokari.Akarambwa… "Zvichava zvakaipa."
Ndinofunga kuti izvi zvakanaka kune welding / brazing / kucheka kweokisijeni / propane, oksijeni / hydrogen kana oksijeni / acetylene.
Ehe, mushure mekunge ndaona vhidhiyo iyi, YT yakasimudza vhidhiyo yezano raDalbor Farny paO2 concentrator.Chinangwa ndechekupa tochi yemafuta eokisijeni yaanoda pagirazi rinofuridza lathe.Gadzira yako wega dhijitari chubhu.Muchokwadi, matanhatu acho anosanganiswa kugadzira makumi matatu lpm O2.
Ini ndinofungidzira 2-litre injini inomhanya pazviuru zvishoma RPM inogona kupedza 15-litre injini pane 1 miniti.Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kuwedzera mwero weokisijeni mumhepo inopinza kusvika pamwero wakakwana?chokwadi handizivi
Nitrite inogona kupa simba nekuti inoburitsa molecule yenitrogen yega yega yakaora nitrous oxide molecule (inochengetedza huwandu hwayo sezvo okisijeni inopedzwa), sezvo ichiwedzera kushanda kweokisijeni (Kuregedza kunopawo kupisa).Kupomba okisijeni yakachena haina kubatsira, nekuti iwe uchiri kurasikirwa nevhoriyamu uye unofanirwa kubata nenyaya dzinogona kupisa injini block.
Iwe unozofanirwa kukwira zvakanyanya.Injini yemota 2-litre ine kumhanya kwe2500 rpm "inofema" ingangoita 2.5 cubic metres emhepo paminiti (21% O²).Inopeta ka600 iyo yemunhu ari pakuzorora.Huwandu hwekufema hunodyiwa nevanhu hunosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana eO², nepo vhoriyamu yekufema inopedzwa nemotokari ingangoita makumi mapfumbamwe muzana…
Inopisawo mapistoni anopisa uye akanyungudutswa.Nekutenderedza mafuta akasanganiswa, unogona kuwana simba rakawanda kubva kune chero injini.Asi piston ichanyunguduka nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa.Okisijeni yakaderera inodzivirira simbi kuti isanyunguduke.
Injini dzemotokari dzakajairwa dzinodzivirirwa nekuyerera kwemhepo uye dzinoburitsa simba rakanyanya pakupisa okisijeni yese mumhepo.Izvi zvinowanikwa nekupfumisa zvishoma musanganiswa, izvo zvisingapisi peturu.Kunze kwekunge simba guru rinodiwa, injini dzemotokari dzinowanzoita zvishoma zvishoma, nokuti kushandiswa kwemafuta-mafuta kunoreva kuderedza hupfumi hwemafuta uye kuwedzera kusvibiswa kwehydrocarbon.
Kana iwe uchida kushandisa chimiro ichi kuti uwedzere simba, unoda nzira yekunyengedza injini yekombiyuta kuwedzera imwe muzana yemafuta panguva imwe chete.
Kana iwe uchikwanisa kuchengetedza chiyero chemafuta emhepo chinogara chiripo, chakada kufanana nekuvhura throttle nezvikamu zvishoma kubva muzana.
Zvisinei, kana ukadarika “zvikamu zvishoma kubva muzana” (zvisinganzwisisike nemaune…), unogona kusvika pamuganho wekukwanisa kweECU kunzwisisa kuti mhepo yakawanda sei inopinda, kana kudzora kuti mafuta akawanda sei anobuda kunze, kana kuseta nguva chaiyo yekubatidza zvisinei nekuti mhepo yakadii. uye mhepo yauri kushandisa.
Kuyerera kunodiwa kuchengetedza mumwe munhu kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro avo!2 l/min iri nyore.Varwere vazhinji vanoda kutarisirwa kwakanyanya vanoda 15 l/min.
Ingochenjerera kupera mweya weokisijeni.Kuwanda kweokisijeni kunogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvibatike uye kukurudzira kupisa kwemafuta mazhinji uye mafuta ekuzora.Ichi ndicho chikonzero ivo vachishandisa mafuta-isina compressors.
Izvo, uye zvimwe zvakawanda "zvisiri nekukurumidza intuitive" O2 nzira dzekugadzirisa dzinogona kukuvadza iwe, kunyanya pasi pekumanikidza kuri kuwedzera.
Kana uri kutamba O2, unogona kushandisa Vance Harlow's Oxygen Hacker's Companion (nitrox divers vanogona kunge vatova nemumwe uyu): http://www.airspeedpress.com/newoxyhacker .html
Ini handirizive bhuku, ndere mushandisi, kwete tuner.Nekudaro, ndatenda nereferensi yako, ini ndichaodha kopi nekukurumidza kana fomu rava kushanda!
Hongu, ndichataura.Iyo yekutadza maitiro ePVC yakatsikirirwa mweya kuputika kweshrapnel, saka tarisa izvi zviyero zvekumanikidza-sezvo dhayamita yepombi inowedzera, chiyero chekumanikidza chinodzikira.
Mukutanga kwema1980, ndakashandira kambani yairenda yemidziyo yekurapa yairenda nekushandira majenareta eokisijeni eDevilbiss.Panguva iyoyo, mayunitsi aya aingova saizi yefiriji diki yedoro.Ndinonyatso kuyeuka "hardware storage" chimiro chemukati maro.Ndichiri kuyeuka kuti mubhedha wekusefa wakagadzirwa ne 4-inch PVC pombi uye chivharo, saka chimiro chinotsanangurwa muchirongwa ichi chinopindirana neyekare yekare (asi zviri pachena inoshanda) tekinoroji.
Iyo compressor imhando yepiston-oscillating / diaphragm, saka hapana mafuta mumhepo yakamanikidzwa.Ivhavha iri mumusoro we compressor itsanga yakatetepa yesimbi isina tsvina.
Kuronga kwerukova kunoitwa nemechanicha timer, hapana Arduino inodiwa.Iyo timer ine kuwiriranisa (wachi giya mota) inotyaira shaft ine akawanda cam mavhiri.A micro switch inotasva pacam inopisa solenoid valve, zvichiita kuti gasi rifambe.
Muvengi mukuru wemichina iyi hunyoro hwepamusoro.Iyo adsorption yemamorekuru emvura inoparadza sieve bed.
Ndisati ndasiya kambani, takatanga kuwana concentrator kubva kune mukwikwidzi weDevilbiss (zita racho harizivikanwi kwandiri), uye kambani yakaratidza kufambira mberi kukuru.Pamusoro peiyo diki uye yakanyarara concentrator nyowani, kambani yakavakawo mubhedha wekusefa uchishandisa machubhu ealuminium.Iyo chubhu yakafukidzwa nendiro ine michini migero yeO-mhete.Ndinoita sendinofunga nezvetsigiro yakazara-yakazara inosanganisa magungano.Kubatsira kwechigadziro ichi ndechekuti kana zvichidikanwa, mubhedha unogona kuparadzaniswa uye sieve zvinhu zvinogona kutsiviwa.Vakabvisawo ma mechanic timers ndokuvatsiva nemagetsi akareruka uye maSSR ekukonzeresa solenoids.
Vanoda kushandiswa kweSCH40 piping (rated pressure 260psi @ 3 ″) uye yakanyatsogadzirirwa ne40psi kuchengetedza valve uye 20-30psi regulator pamberi pePVC yakamanikidzwa, saka pane zvakanaka kuchengetedza chinhu.Handizive kuti ichaburitswa sei kuO2 Shandura kusimba.
Iyo kuputika kudzvanywa kweSCH40 kwakawanda nguva yakayerwa kudzvanywa-zvinoenderana nedhayamita.Pombi ye 3-inch inenge 850 psi, uye 6-inch pombi inosvika mazana mashanu psi.1/2 inch iri pedyo ne2000 psi.Kaviri nhamba yeSCH80.Ichi ndicho chikonzero PVC tennis launchers isingaputika-yakawanda.Kuvakudza kune 6 kana 8 inch conmbustion chamber kuchawedzera rombo rako.Asi kazhinji, nharaunda yehacker inotaridza kurerutsa simba remaplastic piles.https://www.pvcfittingsonline.com/resource-center/strength-of-pvc-pipe-with-strength-chart/
Ndingafarire kudzikisa kugona kweamateur kushandisa mafireworks (uye pamwe kuchena).Musika wekuzvivaraidza kazhinji unotenga masilinda eokisijeni akarega basa.Ndiro raive zano rangu rekutanga, asi mutengo wekiti + BOM wakapfuura zvakanyanya mutengo wemudyandigere chikamu chekurapa.
A 2 litre motokari injini inogona kupedza 9,000 malita / miniti yeokisijeni (yakakwirira), saka 15 malita / miniti yeokisijeni inenge 600 nguva pfupi., Ichi chishandiso chinotonhorera.Ndakatenga akati wandei akagadziridzwa concentrators e5 litres paminiti ye $300 imwe neimwe (mutengo unoratidzika kunge uri kukwira).Inoburitsa 5 litres paminiti.Mazana mashoma ewatts anoshandiswa, saka zvinowedzerwa kuti 9000 litres paminiti (nezvekuvaraidza chete) inoda ingangoita 360 kW (480 hp).
Nekuti algorithm yavo yakanyorwa nebhendi reBerlin.(Verenga imwe uye uchawana nyeredzi yegoridhe.)
Tarisa webhusaiti yekambani… zvakanaka, zvakatemwa muchitoro chavo hazvina kujeka, asi ivo vanokutengesa iwe mapaundi mashanu nemadhora makumi manomwe neshanu.Saka ngatitarisei github.Usa.Hakuna BOM ipapo.
Isu tine yakavhurika sosi electromechanical dhizaini iyo inogona kukuudza kuti ungaivaka sei pane kuti unozadza sei.Ini ndinodaidza iyi nzvimbo isina ruzivo rwakakosha.Zvakafanana nemunhu anosimudza tsiye… zvinofadza.
OxiKit yakataurwa mune imwe yemavhidhiyo avo (iyo yandakabatanidza nayo munyaya, iyo IIRC) kuti iyi sodium zeolite.
Sezvakangoita chero imwe sefa yemamorekuru, unoudza mugadziri zvauri kuda kuishandisa, kwete kuti ndeyei.Nokuti chinhu chimwe chete, asi gomo rakasiyana.
O2 concentrators inowanzoshandisa 13X zeolite 0.4 mm-0.8 mm kana JLOX 101 zeolite, yechipiri ndiyo inonyanya kudhura.Pakuvaka patsva craigslist o2 concentrator, ndakashandisa 13X.Chiedza chegirini chinogara chiripo, saka kuchena kweo2 kunenge 94%.

https://catalysts.basf.com/files/literature-library/BASF_13X-Molecular-Sieve_Datasheet_Rev.08-2020.pdf

5A (5 angstrom) molecular sieves inogona kushandiswa zvakare.Ndinofunga kuti haina kunyanya kusarudza nitrogen, asi inogona kushandiswa.
Pane animation yakanaka paWikipedia inokwanisa kukubatsira kunzwisisa misimboti yekushanda kwemudziyo: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Pressure_swing_adsorption_principle.svg Ndakadzvanya mhepo yekuisa A adsorption O Oxygen Output D desorption E exhaust
Kana zeolite column inenge yazara nenitrogen, mavharuvhu ese anotenderedzwa kuti abudise iyo nitrogen adsorbed nekoramu.
Ndinokutendai zvikuru netsanangudzo yenyu pfupi.Ndagara ndichizvibvunza kana jenareta renitrogen rinogona kushandiswa kuDIY mapurojekiti enitrogen welding kumba.Naizvozvo, tsvina inobuda yeokisijeni concentrator inonyanya nitrogen: yakakwana, ini ndichaishandisa mune yangu lead-isina solder station.
Chokwadi, kune vanosadzidza, zvinobatsira kwazvo kukwanisa kushandura mweya kuita okisijeni yakachena uye kunyanya yakachena nitrogen.Ndinoda kuziva kana iwe uchigona kushandisa "kunyanya nitrogen" sechidziviriro gasi rewelding.
Kune TIG (inozivikanwawo seGTAW), sezvo plasma plume yakanyanya kuoma, handina chokwadi.Argon gasi rinonyanya kushandiswa, dzimwe nguva riine diki helium gasi kuti ripinde muzvinhu zvakaita sealuminium uye titanium.Kuyerera kunenge 6 kusvika 8l/min, iyo inogona kunge yakakurisa kune yakajairwa compressor.
Pakusvina, zvinofanirwa kunge zviri izvo zvakakura zvewelding station mabhureki ese anotengesa nitrogen shielding gasi yekugadzira rohs, asi mutengo wekiti uri pakati pe1-2k euros.Kuyerera kwavo kunosvika 1l/min, iyo yakanyatsokodzera masefa emolecular.Saka ngatiunganidze imwe hardware uye tiite flux-yemahara lead-isina soldering kumba!
Vacheri vanoda kukwanisa kushandisa nitrogen yakachena segasi rekudzivirira.Iyo yakachipa kupfuura argon kana yakachipa helium.Nehurombo, inonyatso shanda patembiricha yakasvikwa nearc uye inoita kuti iite nitrides isingadikanwi muweld.
Iyo inoshandiswa pakushongedza shielding gasi, asi zvishoma chete zvinogona kushandura maitiro e weld.
Zviripachena, zvinogoneka kuishandisa mu laser welding, asi kunyangwe jira rakanyatsoshongedzerwa rinogona kunge risina basa iri.
Nokudaro, muchirevo, imwe PSA inogona kushandiswa kuderedza nitrogen, uyezve imwe PSA (ichishandisa imwe zeolite) kuderedza okisijeni, ichisiya huwandu hwepamusoro hwezvinhu zvisiri okisijeni kana nitrogen.
Kana wataura chokwadi, panguva iyoyo, ini ndinokurudzira kuti uwedzere mhepo uye wobva waibvisa kuti iparadzanise gasi raunoda / risingadiwe.
@Foldi-A kupeta poindi maererano nekuisa simba uye kubuda gasi.Ini ndinobvuma zvachose kuti kushanda kwacho kuchave kwakakwira zvakanyanya pamwero mukuru nekuti unogona kushandisa evaporation kune pre-kutonhora.
Asi pachiyero chidiki kwazvo, iwe uchave uine 1 compressor, 4 zeolite shongwe uye boka remagetsi emagetsi mavharuvhu uye mutengo wekutanga weakachipa controller (The Brain), iyo yandinofunga ichava shoma.
@irox inogona nekuenzanisa nechokwadi, asi hapana anoshandisa 2 malita eokisijeni anokurumidza kufa / kuparara asina kuwana oxygen.Sekuenzanisa, yedu intensive care unit (ICU) varwere vane sekondari kuyerera nekuda kweCOVID, vanowana 45-55L kana FIO2 iri 60-90%.Ava ndivo varwere vedu "vakagadzikana".Kana pasina kuyerera kwakakwira, ivo vachakurumidza kushatisa, asi havazorwari zvekuti isu tichava intubated.Iwe uchaona nhamba dzakafanana kana dzepamusoro kune vamwe varwere veARDS kana mamwe mamiriro mazhinji anoda hombe nasal cannula pane yakajairwa nasal cannula.
Kwandiri, kushandiswa i niche.Izvi zvinogona kuchengetedza varwere ve2 pakumanikidzwa kwe6-8 L, iyo inonyatso nzvimbo iyo kuyerera kwakanyanya kunovhenekerwa pamusoro peiyo yakajairika nasal cannula kana NIPPV.Ndinoda kutaura kuti izvi zvinoshanda zvikuru kune chipatara chiduku chine oxygen shoma, uye inogona kupa rubatsiro rwezvehutano kuvarwere vane zvirwere zvisingaperi mumamiriro ekukurumidza kwenguva pfupi.
Murwere anodya 6 litres (kana 45-55 malita) eokisijeni paminiti, kana kuti chikamu chakarasika, chinofemerwa kune zvakatipoteredza kana chimwe chinhu?
Mamiriro angu / ruzivo ingori nzira shoma yekutsigira hupenyu hwevanhu vane hutano (ne carbon dioxide yakabviswa uye inenge 2 malita e carbon dioxide yakawedzerwa pamunhu paminiti), saka nekuda kwehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwezvokurapa, ichi chinovhura maziso!
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti vari kutora okisijeni, nokuti mapapu avo akamanikana zvikuru pakutora oxygen.Nokudaro, kana zvichienzaniswa nezvinodiwa nedzidziso zvemuviri wemunhu, mutengo wacho wakanyanya kukwirira, nekuti chokwadi, vanhu vashoma vanopinda.
Handizivi kuti munhu akataura ndiye akazvigadzira here, asi izvi hazvienderani nematsananguriro aakaita.Masieve mamorekuru uye zeolite haatee N2, anogona kuteya O2.Kuti ubate N2, unoda nitrogen absorber, iyo iri mhuka yakasiyana zvachose.Sieve inoteya O2 pasi pekumanikidzwa apo nitrogen inoramba ichipfuura.Izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zviri izvo, nekuti kana iwe ukasunungura kumanikidza uye kuishandisa kukanda iyo N2 mune imwe mbiru, hazvina musoro kuedza kubvisa iyo N2 neN2..Aya ndiwo anomanikidza swing adsorption units (PSA), anoshanda nekuteya O2.Kudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro uye masilinda akakura anogona kuunza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro (masilinda mana ane kugona kunosvika 85%).Izvi zvinoita condense O2, asi hazvishande sezvaanotaura (kana chinyorwa chinoti)
Iwe unofanirwa kupa iyo yakakumbirwa ruzivo sosi, nekuti iwe unogona zvachose adsorb N2 pa13X uye 5A zeolite molecular sieves.http://www.phys.ufl.edu/REU/2008/reports/magee.pdf
Chinyorwa cheWikipedia PSA chinosimbisawo kuti zeolite inotora nitrogen.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_swing_adsorption#Process
"Zvisinei, yakachipa zvakanyanya pane yekutengeserana unit."Sezvo BOM ichidarika $1,000, zvakandiomera kuti nditsigire chirevo ichi.Bhiri rezvinhu zveimba (zvisingatakurike) zvekutengesa concentrators zvinodhura pedyo ne1/3, zviri nyore kuwana, uye hazvidi basa.Ndinoziva 17LPM inotonhorera, asi hapana munhu ari kunze kwechipatara anokumbira traffic yakadai.Chero ani ane chikumbiro chakadaro ave kuda kutarisa kunze kana kuti intubated.
Ehe, iyi ipurojekiti inotonhorera, asi hongu, mutengo wayo-unoshanda hauna basa kune imwe nhanho.MuAustralia, iyo nyowani 10l / pm midziyo inongoita $1500AUD.Tichifunga kuti $1000 imadhora ekuAmerica, izvi zvinoderedza mutengo wekutenga michina mitsva.
Denda risati rasvika, ndakatenga imwe paBay nemutengo wepaundi zana nemakumi matanhatu nekuyerera kwe1.5 litres paminiti pamutengo we98%.Uye chinhu ichi chakanyarara kupfuura ichi!Nenzira iyi, unogona kurara chaizvo.
Asi ndataura izvozvo, uku kuedza kukuru.Iise mukamuri padivi pepombi refu kudzivirira ruzha uye njodzi dzinoputika…
Ndinoda kuziva kana zvichibvira kuti iwe uishandise seinenge yakachena nitrogen sosi, munzvimbo dzekudzivirira kana kunyange muwelding?
Zvakadini nematayi ane nitrogen.Tichifunga nezvemuripo wavanobhadharisa sevhisi iyi, nitrogen inofanirwa kudhura…
Nhanho inotevera inogona kunakidza-tora kuburitsa kweiyo concentrator uye patsanura 95% O2 + 5% Ar musanganiswa.Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekuparadzanisa kinetic uchishandisa CMS molecular sieve muPSA system.Wobva wagadzira 150 bar pombi yekuzadza argon cylinder.
Ikozvino, isu tinongoda mumwe munhu wekuita iyo Linde process kumba kuti tive nemufaro chaiwo unoputika
Nekushandisa webhusaiti yedu uye masevhisi, unobvumirana pachena nekuiswa kwedu kwekuita, kushanda uye kushambadza makuki.Dzidza zvimwe