Vaongorori vakawana mavara chaiwo eboka rezvipembenene zvechinyakare zvakabatwa muamber muMyanmar makore angangoita mamiriyoni 99 apfuura. Zvipembenene zvekare zvinosanganisira mago, nhunzi dzemumvura uye zvipembenene, zvese zvinouya mubhuruu resimbi, tsvuku negirini.
Zvisikwa zvakapfuma mumaziso, asi mafossil haawanzo chengetedza humbowo hweruvara rwechisikwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyanzvi dzepaleontologists dziri kutsvaga nzira dzekusarudza mavara kubva kumafossil akachengetedzwa zvakanaka, angave madinosaur nezvinokambaira zvinobhururuka kana nyoka dzekare nemhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Kunzwisisa ruvara rwemhuka dzakatsakatika kwakakosha zvikuru nekuti kunogona kuudza vaongorori zvakawanda nezvemaitiro emhuka. Semuenzaniso, ruvara runogona kushandiswa kukwezva shamwari kana kunyevera mhuka dzinodya dzimwe mhuka, uye kunyange kubatsira kudzora tembiricha. Kudzidza zvakawanda nezvadzo kunogonawo kubatsira vaongorori kudzidza zvakawanda nezve ecosystem nenzvimbo.
Muchidzidzo chitsva ichi, timu yekutsvagisa kubva kuNanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGPAS) yeChinese Academy of Sciences yakaongorora sampuli makumi matatu neshanu dzeamber dzaive nezvipembenene zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka. Zvisaririra zvakawanikwa mumugodhi weamber kuchamhembe kweMyanmar.
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"Amber iri pakati peCretaceous, ine makore angangoita mamiriyoni 99, inotangira munguva yegoridhe yemadinosaur," akadaro munyori mukuru Chenyan Cai muchinyorwa chake. "Iyi iresini inogadzirwa nemiti yeConifers yekare inokura munzvimbo ine masango. Zvirimwa nemhuka zvakavharirwa muresini yakakora zvinochengetwa, zvimwe zvichiri zvipenyu."
Mavara ari muzvisikwa anowanzoiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: bioluminescence, pigments, uye structure colors. Mafossil eAmber akawana mavara estructure akachengetedzwa anowanzova akasimba uye anoyevedza (kusanganisira simbi) uye anogadzirwa nechiedza chidiki-diki chiri pamusoro pemhuka, muviri nemakumbo.
Vaongorori vakapukuta mafossil vachishandisa sandpaper ne diatomaceous earth powder. Imwe amber inokuyiwa kuita zvidimbu zvitete kwazvo kuitira kuti zvipembenene zvionekwe zvakajeka, uye amber matrix yakapoteredza inenge yakajeka muchiedza chakajeka. Mifananidzo yakabatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi yakagadziriswa kugadzirisa kupenya uye kusiyana.
"Rudzi rweruvara rwakachengetedzwa muamber yefossil runonzi structural color," Yanhong Pan, munyori weongororo iyi, akadaro mumashoko ake. "Zvimiro zve nano pamusoro zvinoparadzira marefu chaiwo echiedza," "zvichigadzira mavara akasimba kwazvo," akadaro Pan, achiwedzera kuti "nzira iyi ndiyo inokonzeresa mavara mazhinji atinoziva muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva."
Pamafossil ese, magonyeti ecuckoo anonyanya kushamisa, ane mavara esimbi ebhuruu-girini, yero-tsvuku, violet negirini mumisoro yawo, pachipfuva, mudumbu nemakumbo. Sekureva kweongororo iyi, mavara aya akafanana zvakanyanya nemagonyeti ecuckoo aripo nhasi. Mamwe mavara anoshamisa anosanganisira magonyeti ebhuruu nepepuru uye nhunzi dzesimbi dzegirini resimbi.
Vachishandisa electron microscopy, vaongorori vakaratidza kuti fossil amber ine "magadzirirwo e exoskeleton nanoskeleton akachengetedzwa zvakanaka."
"Zvatakaona zvinoratidza zvakasimba kuti mamwe mafossil e-amber anogona kuchengetedza mavara akafanana neaya akaonekwa nezvipembenene pazvaiva zvipenyu makore angangoita mamiriyoni 99 apfuura," vanyori veongororo iyi vakanyora. "Uyezve, izvi zvinosimbiswa nekuti simbi yebhuruu-girini inowanzowanikwa mumagonyeti aripo ecuckoo."
Fermin Koop mutori wenhau anobva kuBuenos Aires, Argentina. Ane dhigirii reMA muEnvironment and Development kubva kuYunivhesiti yeReading, UK, anonyanya kudzidzisa nezvenhau dzezvakatipoteredza nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.