Bentonite imineral isiri yesimbi ine montmorillonite sechikamu chikuru chemineral. Chimiro chemontmorillonite chimiro chekristaro chemhando ye2:1 chakaumbwa nesilicon oxide tetrahedrons mbiri dzakasungirirwa nealuminium oxide octahedron. Nekuda kwechimiro chakaumbwa nemontmorillonite crystal cell, kune mamwe macation, akadai seCu, Mg, Na, K, nezvimwewo, uye kudyidzana pakati pemacation aya nemontmorillonite crystal cell hakuna kugadzikana, izvo zviri nyore kuchinjana nemamwe macation, saka ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekutsinhana kwemaion. Kunze kwenyika, yakashandiswa mumadhipatimendi anopfuura zana muminda makumi maviri nemana yekugadzira maindasitiri nekurima, ine zvigadzirwa zvinopfuura mazana matatu, saka vanhu vanoidana kuti "ivhu repasi rose".

Bentonite inozivikanwawo se bentonite, bentonite, kana bentonite. China ine nhoroondo refu yekuvandudza nekushandisa bentonite, iyo pakutanga yaingoshandiswa semushonga wekusuka. (Kwaiva nemigodhi yakavhurika munzvimbo yeRenshou yeSichuan mazana emakore apfuura, uye vanhu veko vaiidaidza kuti bentonite soil powder.). Yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya kwemakore anopfuura zana chete. Kuwanikwa kwekutanga muUnited States kwaive muzvikamu zvekare zveWyoming, uko ivhu reruvara rweyero-girini, iro rinogona kukura kuita paste mushure mekuwedzera mvura, rainzi bentonite pamwe chete. Kutaura zvazviri, chikamu chikuru chemineral chebentonite imontmorillonite, ine huwandu hwe85-90%. Zvimwe zvinhu zvebentonite zvinotsanangurwawo nemontmorillonite. Montmorillonite inogona kutora mavara akasiyana-siyana akadai seyero girini, yero chena, grey, chena, nezvimwewo. Inogona kugadzira mapundu akaomarara kana ivhu rakasununguka, nekunzwa kutsvedza kana yakweshwa neminwe yako. Mushure mekuwedzera mvura, muviri mudiki unokura kakawanda kusvika ka20-30 muhuwandu, uye unoonekwa wakasungirirwa mumvura. Kana mvura iri shoma, inoita kunge yakanyorova. Hunhu hwemontmorillonite hunoenderana nekuumbwa kwayo nemakemikoro uye chimiro chemukati.

Ivhu rakacheneswa nechisikigo

Zvinoreva kuti, ivhu jena rinongoitika zvechisikigo rine hunhu hwekuchenesesa ivhu jena, jena grey rine montmorillonite, albite, uye quartz, uye imhando yebentonite.

Inonyanya kugadzirwa nekuora kwedombo revolcanic re vitreous, iro risingawedzere mushure mekunwa mvura, uye pH ye suspension yacho iasidhi isina simba, iyo yakasiyana ne alkaline bentonite; Kushanda kwayo kwe bleaching kwakaipa kupfuura kwevhu rakashandiswa. Mavara anowanzo sanganisira yero yakajeka, chena yegirini, grey, ruvara rwemuorivhi, brown, chena yemukaka, peach tsvuku, bhuruu, nezvimwewo. Mashoma machena chaiwo. Density: 2.7-2.9g/cm. Density inoonekwa inowanzo kuve yakaderera nekuda kwe porosity. Kuumbwa kwemakemikari kwakafanana nekwevhuwo zvaro, nezvikamu zvikuru zvemakemikari zviri aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, mvura, uye iron shoma, magnesium, calcium, nezvimwewo. Hapana plasticity, high adsorption. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwe hydrous silicic acid, ine acidic kune litmus. Mvura inowanzo pwanyika uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura. Kazhinji, kupfava kwayo kwakanyanya, simba rekubvisa ruvara rakawedzera.

Munguva yekuongorora, pakuita ongororo yemhando yepamusoro, zvakakosha kuyera mashandiro ayo ekuchena kwebvudzi, acidity, mashandiro ekusefa, kunyudzwa kwemafuta, nezvimwe zvinhu.

Matombo eBentonite
Bentonite ore imineral inoshandiswa kakawanda, uye mhando yayo uye nzvimbo dzayo dzekushandiswa zvinonyanya kutsamira pahuwandu hwe montmorillonite uye hunhu hwayo hwe crystal chemical. Nokudaro, kukura kwayo nekushandiswa kwayo zvinofanira kusiyana kubva kune yangu kuenda kune imwe uye kubva pakushanda kwayo. Semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwevhu rakagadziriswa, calcium yakavakirwa pa sodium, kuchera grouting yekuchera petroleum, kutsiva starch seslurry yekumonera, kudhinda uye kudhaya, kushandisa machira emadziro emukati nekunze pazvinhu zvekuvaka, kugadzira organic bentonite, kugadzira 4A zeolite kubva ku bentonite, kugadzira white carbon black, nezvimwewo.

Musiyano uripo pakati pecalcium nesodium

Rudzi rwebentonite runotsanangurwa nerudzi rweinterlayer cation mubentonite. Kana interlayer cation iri Na+, inonzi sodium based bentonite; Calcium based bentonite inonzi kana interlayer cation iri Ca+. Sodium montmorillonite (kana sodium bentonite) ine hunhu huri nani pane calcium based bentonite. Zvisinei, kupararira kwevhu re calcareous pasi rose kwakakura kupfuura kwe sodium sodium soil. Nokudaro, pamusoro pekusimbisa kutsvaga sodium soil, zvakakosha kugadzirisa calcareous soil kuti ive sodium soil.