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Muindasitiri yemafuta negasi pasi rose, kutsvaga mabasa ekuchera zvinobudirira ibasa rinoenderera mberi, nemvura dzemhando yepamusoro dzichiita basa guru mukuchengetedza kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dzakacherwa, kutonhora kwezvidhinha zvekuboorera, uye kutakura zvidimbu pamusoro. Bentonite powder, kunyanya bentonite ine sodium yakawanda mumontmorillonite, yave chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira mvura yekuboorera. Kugona kwayo kuzvimba kwemvura, hunhu hwayo hwethixotropic, uye kugona kugadzira keke refirita rakakora, risingapindi mvura yakawanda zvinoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha pamabasa ekuchera emazuva ano.

Montmorillonite, chinhu chikuru chinoshanda chebentonite powder, inoumba 70%-95% yezvigadzirwa zvebentonite zvepamusoro. Chimiro ichi chine layer silicate chinoita kuti ive nekukwanisa kunyudza mvura kusvika pahuremu hwayo ka10-30. Hunhu uhwu hunosimudzira zvakanyanya viscosity uye suspension performance ye drilling fluids, zvichiita kuti drilling processes dzive dzakatsetseka uye dzinoshanda. Kana ikaiswa mumvura-based drilling fluids pahuwandu hwe6%-10%, bentonite powder inogona kuwedzera plastic viscosity ye fluid kusvika 25-40 mPa·s uye goho rinosvika 15-25 Pa. Izvi zvinoita kuti drill cuttings dzishande zvakanaka uye dzitakurwe, kunyangwe dzine particle size kusvika 5 mm, pamusoro.

Pakuchera matsime akadzika, uko tembiricha yemugomba inogona kukwira kusvika 150-200°C uye kumanikidzwa kunodarika 30 MPa, kugadzikana kwemvura inocherwa kunova chinhu chakakosha. Zvinowedzerwa zvemvura inocherwa zvinowanzokundikana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, asi upfu hwebentonite hwakavakirwa pasodium hunoonekwa nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakanaka hwe rheological. Mune imwe nzvimbo huru yemafuta muMiddle East, bvunzo yekuenzanisa yakaratidza kunaka kwemvura inocherwa ine upfu hwedu hwebentonite hwakavakirwa pasodium. Avhareji yekumhanya kwekuchera yakawedzera ne18%, uye huwandu hwezviitiko zvekudonha kwemvura inocherwa ne wellbore hwakaderera ne70% zvichienzaniswa nezvinowedzera zvevhu. Kubudirira uku kunogona kuverengerwa ne montmorillonite mu bentonite powder, iyo inoumba keke re filter rakafanana, rinowanzova 1-3 mm ukobvu, pamadziro e wellbore. Keke re filter iri rinoderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura pakuumbwa, ne filter loss values ​​≤10 mL/30 min pasi pe API standard conditions, nokudaro richidzivirira kukuvara kwekuumbwa.

Pamusoro pe bentonite ine sodium-based bentonite, zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinosanganisira calcium-based bentonite powder, iyo yakakodzera kuchera matsime asina kudzika uye kuchera mvura yakachena. Kunyange zvazvo bentonite ine calcium-based bentonite inokwanisa kuzvimba zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa ne sodium-based bentonite, inopa mari iri nani. Kana ikarapwa ne sodium carbonate, iyo inowanzo shandiswa, bentonite ine calcium-based bentonite inogona kushandurwa kuita sodium-calcium mixed bentonite. Kushanda kweiyi bentonite ine sodium-based bentonite kwakafanana nekwe natural sodium-based bentonite, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuchera kwepakati nepakati, kazhinji kubva pamamita 1000 kusvika 3000.

Kudzora hunhu kwakakosha zvikuru mukugadzira kwedu bentonite powder yekuchera mvura. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinotevedzera mitemo yakasimba, nezviratidzo zvakakosha zvichisangana nezvinodiwa neAPI Spec 13A. Mitemo iyi inoratidza huwandu hwe montmorillonite hwe ≥80%, huwandu hwehunyoro hwe ≤12%, huwandu hwejecha hwe ≤2%, uye 325-mesh sieve residue ye ≤0.5%. Batch yega yega yezvigadzirwa inoedzwa zvakanyanya murabhoritari yedu kuti ione kana viscosity, kurasikirwa nefirita, uye mwero wekuzvimba, uye mushumo wakakwana wekuongorora hunhu unopihwa kune vatengi vedu.

Kuti tigutse zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevatengi vemafuta negesi pasi rose, tinopa mhinduro dzeupfu hwebentonite dzakagadzirirwa isu. Kune vanochera kunze kwenyika vanoshandisa mvura yegungwa, ine munyu wakawanda, tinogadzirisa pamusoro peupfu hwebentonite nemunyu wequaternary ammonium. Kugadziriswa uku kunovandudza zvakanyanya kushivirira munyu weupfu hwebentonite, zvichiita kuti mvura yekuchera irambe yakagadzikana uye kurasikirwa nefirita kwakaderera, kunyangwe mumvura yegungwa ine munyu we35‰. Munzvimbo dzinotonhora dzekuchera, uko tembiricha yemugomba inogona kuderera kusvika ≤0°C, tinowedzera zvinogadzirisa antifreeze kuhupfu hwebentonite. Izvi zvinodzivirira mvura yekuchera kuti isaome uye zvinoita kuti ifambe zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti kuchera kurambe kuripo uye kunoshanda.

Panyaya yekufambisa zvinhu, tinoisa pamberi kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvedu panguva yekufambisa. Upfu hwedu hwebentonite hunoiswa mumabhegi asinganyungudike uye anodzivirira kubikwa, kazhinji 25 kg imwe neimwe, nefirimu remukati repolyethylene uye bhegi rekunze rekraft rakaputirwa nechikamu chisingapindi mvura. Kurongedza uku kunodzivirira upfu hwebentonite kuti husanyungudike panguva yekufambisa ngarava kure. Takasimbisa hukama hwakasimba nemakambani makuru ekutakura zvinhu akadai seMaersk neCMA CGM, tichiona kuti zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinogona kuendeswa kumachiteshi eMiddle East, Africa, neNorth America mukati memazuva 20-35.

 

Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-28-2025