Bentonite imineral isiri yesimbi inoumbwa zvakanyanya nemontmorillonite. Chimiro chemontmorillonite chimiro chekristaro chemhando ye2:1 chakagadzirwa ne silica tetrahedra mbiri dzakasungirirwa nealuminium oxide octahedra. Nekuda kwechimiro chakaumbwa ne montmorillonite crystal cells, kune mamwe ma cations, akadai seCu, Mg, Na, K, nezvimwewo, uye kudyidzana kwawo ne montmorillonite crystal cells hakuna kugadzikana, izvo zviri nyore kuchinjana nemamwe ma cations, saka ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekutsinhana kwemaion. Kunze kwenyika, yakashandiswa mumadhipatimendi anopfuura zana muminda makumi maviri nemana yekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekurima, ine zvigadzirwa zvinopfuura mazana matatu, saka vanhu vanoidana kuti "ivhu repasi rose".

Bentonite inozivikanwawo se bentonite, bentonite, kana bentonite. China ine nhoroondo refu yekuvandudza nekushandisa bentonite, iyo pakutanga yaingoshandiswa semushonga wekusuka. Kwaiva nemigodhi yakavhurika munzvimbo yeRenshou yeSichuan mazana emakore apfuura, uye vagari vemo vaiti bentonite ivhu revhu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya asi ine nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura zana chete. Kuwanikwa kwekutanga muUnited States kwaive muzvikamu zvekare zveWyoming, uko ivhu regirini yeyero, iro rinogona kukura kuita musanganiswa mushure mekuwedzera mvura, raiwanzonzi bentonite. Kutaura zvazviri, chikamu chikuru chemineral chebentonite imontmorillonite, ine huwandu hwe85-90%. Zvimwe zvinhu zvebentonite zvinotsanangurwawo nemontmorillonite. Montmorillonite inogona kuoneka mumavara akasiyana-siyana akadai segirini yeyero, jena yero, grey, chena, nezvimwewo. Inogona kuumba mabhuroko akaomarara kana ivhu rakasununguka, nekunzwa kunotsvedza kana ichikweshwa neminwe. Mushure mekuwedzera mvura, huwandu hwemabhuroko madiki hunokura kakawanda kusvika ka20-30, huchionekwa mumvura yakamiswa, uye mumvura isina mvura yakawanda. Hunhu hwemontmorillonite hunoenderana nekuumbwa kwayo nemakemikari uye chimiro chemukati.

Ivhu rakagadziriswa

Ivhu rakagadziriswa ivhu rinonyungudika rinogadzirwa nevhu (kunyanya bentonite) sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, rinogadziriswa acidification inorganic, richiteverwa nekusukurudzwa nemvura nekuomeswa. Chitarisiko charo ihupfu huchena hwakaita semukaka, harinhuwi, harina kunaka, harina chepfu, uye rine simba guru rekunyungudika. Rinogona kunyungudika zvinhu zvine mavara uye zvechisikigo. Zviri nyore kunyungudika hunyoro mumhepo, uye kuriisa kwenguva yakareba kunoderedza simba rekunyungudika. Zvisinei, kupisa kusvika pamusoro pe300 degrees Celsius kunotanga kurasikirwa nemvura yakaita sekristalo, zvichikonzera shanduko dzechimiro uye kukanganisa kupera kwesimba. Ivhu rakagadziriswa harinyungudike mumvura, organic solvents, uye mafuta akasiyana-siyana, rinonyungudika chose muhot caustic soda nehydrochloric acid, rine huwandu hwe2.3-2.5, uye harina kuzvimba kwakanyanya mumvura nemafuta.

Ivhu rakacheneswa nechisikigo

Ivhu jena rinongowanikwa muchisikigo rine hunhu hwekuchenesesa ivhu jena, jena grey rine montmorillonite, albite, uye quartz, uye imhando yebentonite.
Zvikurukuru chibereko chekuora kwematombo egomo rinoputika akaita segirazi, asingakurumidzi mushure mekunwa mvura, uye pH yekumiswa kwayo yakasiyana neye alkaline bentonite; Kushanda kwayo kwekutsvukira kwakaipa kupfuura kwevhu rakashandiswa. Mavara anowanzo sanganisira yero yakajeka, chena yegirini, grey, ruvara rwemuorivhi, brown, chena yemukaka, peach tsvuku, bhuruu, nezvimwewo. Kune mashoma machena akachena. Kuwanda kwe 2.7-2.9g/cm. Kuwanda kwacho kunowanzova kwakaderera nekuda kwekuoma kwayo. Kuumbwa kwemakemikari kwakafanana nekwevhuwo rakajairika, nezvikamu zvikuru zvemakemikari zviri aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, mvura, uye iron shoma, magnesium, calcium, nezvimwewo. Hapana plasticity, ine adsorption yakakura. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwe hydrous silicic acid, ine acidic kune litmus. Mvura inowanzo pwanyika uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura. Kazhinji, kupfava kwayo kwakanyanya, simba rekubvisa ruvara rakawedzera.

Matombo eBentonite
Bentonite ore imineral inoshandiswa kakawanda, uye ine hunhu hwakasiyana.