Chiitiko chaGunyana 18 cha1931 hachina kungounza kutorwa kwemauto kuNortheast China chete—chakakonzerawo kurwiswa kwevanhuwo zvavo kwakatungamirwa nevanhuwo zvavo. Kubva kuvarimi nevashandi kusvika kuvadzidzi nevadzidzisi, varume nevakadzi vemazera ese nemarudzi akasiyana vakaungana kuti vadzivirire misha yavo, nharaunda dzavo, uye mararamiro avo kubva mukurwiswa neJapan. Kuramba uku, kunyangwe kuchiwanzoonekwa munhoroondo dzakakura, kwaive humbowo hwekushinga uye ushingi hwevanhu vekuNortheast China.

Mumwedzi yakatevera, mapoka akafanana akamuka kuChamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, aine mazita akadai se "Northeast Volunteer Army," "Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army," uye "People's Liberation Army of Northeast China." Mauto aya akasiyana muhukuru - mamwe aive nenhengo shoma chete, nepo mamwe akawedzera kusvika zviuru - asi ese aive nechinangwa chimwe chete: kudzinga mauto eJapan kubva munyika yavo. Jilin People's Self-Defense Force, semuenzaniso, yakaronga network ye "mhuri" uko mhuri dzese dzakabatana nechirongwa ichi. Mune mumwe musha, mhuri yeZhang - baba, vanakomana vaviri, uye kunyange mwanasikana ane makore 16 - vese vakarwa pamwe chete, mwanasikana achishandisa ruzivo rwake rwemishonga yemishonga kurapa vakakuvara.

Mano aishandiswa nemauto aya ekuzvipira akagadzirwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenzvimbo iyi, yaisanganisira masango akakora, mapani makuru, nenzvimbo dzine makomo. Vaivimba nehondo dzemagandanga, vachirwisa nekukasira panzvimbo dzemauto eJapan, vachivandira ngarava dzekutakura zvinhu, uye vachiparadza nzira dzechitima kuti vavhiringidze mashandiro emauto eJapan. Semuenzaniso, muna Gumiguru 1931, boka diki revanozvipira kumaodzanyemba kweLiaoning rakarwisa chitima chemauto eJapan, richiparadza zvombo nezvinhu uye richisunungura vasungwa vekuChina vaiendeswa kuJapan. Kurwiswa uku kwakasimba, kwakatungamirirwa neaimbove mushandi wechitima ainzi Li Dawei, kwakashandisa ruzivo rwake rwenzira kuti vabvise chitima pakona iri kure. Muna Zvita wegore rimwe chete, vanozvipira muJilin Province vakatanga kurwisa kwakarongeka boka remauto eJapan muChangchun, vachitorazve zvikamu zveguta kwenguva pfupi vasati vamanikidzwa kudzokera shure nekuda kwesimba guru repfuti reJapan. Varwi vehondo vakananga nzvimbo yezvombo yebarracks, vachiipisa nemidziyo yekupisa yakagadzirwa neparafini nemabhodhoro egirazi.

Chakaita kuti mauto aya evazvipiri anyanye kushamisa ndechekuti vaigona kurarama nekushanda pasinei nekushomeka kwakanyanya kwezvombo, chikafu, uye zvekushandisa pakurapa. Vazvipiri vazhinji vairwa nepfuti dzekare, minondo, kana kunyange zvekushandisa pakurima, nepo vamwe vaivimba nezvipo zvemunharaunda zvechikafu nezvipfeko. Varimi vemunharaunda vaiwanzopa pekugara kune vanozvipira, vachivanza kubva kumapurisa eJapan uye vachigovana goho ravo diki. Munharaunda yeYanji, vagari vemo vakachera network yematune epasi pedzimba dzavo, vachigadzira mabunker akavanda uko varwi vaigona kuzorora nekupora. Vanachiremba nevanamukoti, vese vakadzidziswa uye vakadzidziswa vega, vakagadzira zvipatara zvechinguvana mumapako kana muzvivakwa zvakasiyiwa, vachirapa varwi vakakuvara nemidziyo yekurapa mishoma. Dr. Wang Meiling, akapedza kudzidza paPeking Union Medical College, akagadzira anesthesia achishandisa mishonga yechinyakare yeChinese uye akaita kuvhiya kunoponesa hupenyu nemidziyo yekicheni yakacheneswa.

Vadzidzi nevanyanzvi vakaitawo basa guru mukuramba. Mumaguta akaita seShenyang neHarbin, vadzidzi veyunivhesiti vakaronga mapoka epachivande kuti vaparadzire propaganda yekurwisa kupambwa kwevanhu. Vakaparadzira mapepa anotsanangura hutsinye hweJapan, vakanyora zvinyorwa mumapepanhau epachivande, uye vakaita misangano yepachivande kuti varonge kuratidzira uye kuramba zvinhu zveJapan. Semuenzaniso, "Snowflake Society" paHarbin Institute of Technology yakagadzira sisitimu yekodhi yakaoma yekunyora mabhuku akarambidzwa zvisiri pamutemo. Vakadhinda nhetembo dzechimurenga papepa remupunga, dzaigona kunyungudutswa mumvura dzozogadziriswazve nevadhindi vane tsitsi. Vadzidzi vazhinji vakasiyawo zvikoro zvavo kuti vabatane nemauto ekuzvipira, vachishandisa dzidzo yavo kubatsira nehurongwa, kutaurirana, uye logistics. Boka revadzidzi veinjiniya kubva kuShenyang Institute of Technology rakagadzira nhevedzano yezvimbambaira zvepasi zvakagadziriswa vachishandisa mapaipi esimbi akaraswa neupfu dema, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kushanda kwekurwisa kwevapanduki.

Vakadzi vaive chimwe chikamu chakakosha cheboka revanopikisa. Kunyange zvazvo vakadzi vazhinji vakabatana nemauto evanozvipira sevanamukoti kana vatumwa, vamwe vakaumba masangano avo ekutsigira chinangwa ichi. MuLiaoning Province, boka revakadzi rakatanga "Northeast Women's Anti-Japanese Salvation Association," iyo yaiunganidza mari yemauto evanozvipira, yaisona mbatya dzemasoja, uye yaitarisira mhuri dzevairwa. Mutungamiriri wesangano iri, Madame Zhao, akagadzira nzira yakasiyana yekutsvaga mari: akaronga "kuratidzira kwakanyarara" uko vakadzi vaiungana munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji vachiruka majuzi emasoja, nejira rega rega richimiririra chipo. Vakadzi vakaitawo basa guru mukuunganidza ruzivo, vachishandisa mabasa avo sevanochengeta dzimba nevatengesi vemusika kuunganidza ruzivo nezvekufamba kwemauto eJapan uye kurupa kuvatungamiriri vevanopikisa. MuMukden (ikozvino Shenyang), network yevatengesi vechikadzi paNanmen Market yakagadzira sisitimu yakaoma yezviratidzo zvemaoko nehurukuro dzakanyorwa kuti vatumire ruzivo nezvehurongwa hwekufamba kwemauto eJapan.

Kuedza kurwisa kwevanhu vekuChamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya kutorwa kwemauto eJapan. Kunyange zvazvo vasina kukwanisa kudzinga mauto eJapan kubva munzvimbo iyi nekukasika, vakamanikidza mauto eKwantung kuti ashandise zviwanikwa zvakakosha kuti vadzivise kurwisa, zvichideredza hurongwa hwekuwedzera kweJapan. Zvinyorwa kubva muzvinyorwa zvemauto eJapan zvinoratidza kuti pakasvika 1933, mauto anopfuura 30,000 akanga asungwa mumabasa ekurwisa magandanga muManchuria. Vakakurudzirawo vanhu muChina yese kuti vabatane neboka rekurwisa renyika, vachigadzira hwaro hweHondo yeKurwisa Japan yaizotanga muna 1937. Mabasa eushingi evazvipiri vekuChamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva akanyorwa mumapepa akaparadzirwa pachivande ainzi "Nhau dzeKurwisa," ayo akazova anodiwa kuverengwa kune vatsva vari muChinese National Revolutionary Army.

Nhasi uno, nyaya dzevarwi vehondo ava vemauto chikamu chakakosha chenhaka yeChiitiko chaGunyana 18. Dzinotiyeuchidza kuti kunyangwe munguva dzakaoma, vanhuwo zvavo vane simba rekutsigira zvakarurama. Dzinosimbisawo kukosha kwenharaunda, kubatana, uye ushingi mukutarisana nekudzvinyirirwa—shoko rinoramba richikosha kuvanhu pasi rose nhasi. Chirangaridzo cheManchurian Resistance Memorial chakavhurwa munguva pfupi yapfuura muChangchun chine zviratidziro zvinodyidzana, zvinosanganisira mifananidzo yemigwagwa yehondo dzemagandanga uye kugadziriswazve kwehondo huru, zvichiita kuti nyaya idzi dzeushingi dzirambe dzichikurudzira zvizvarwa zvinotevera.