Indasitiri yemapepa iri kuramba ichitsvaga nzira dzekuvandudza mhando yemapepa uye kuderedza mari yekugadzira. Silicon dioxide (silicon dioxide/white carbon black/silica) yave chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira mapepa nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasiyana uye hunhu hwemakemikari. Zvidimbu zvayo zvespherical, zvine nzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro inowanzo pfuura 200 m²/g, zvinosangana pamwero wemamorekuru nemafiber emapepa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuvandudza. Inogona kushandiswa sekuzadza, kuputira pigment, uye saizi mukugadzira mapepa, zvichivandudza simba repepa, kutsvedzerera, uye kudhindwa. Ingave iri bepa rakaputirwa repamusoro rekudhinda kana bepa rakapfava rekushandisa zuva nezuva, bepa jena recarbon black rinogona kuita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa.

Kabhoni yedu chena yakacheneswa yepepa rakafukidzwa inoitiswa maitiro ekugadzira hydrothermal, zvichiita kuti saizi yepakati pezvikamu ive 20-30nm. Iyi nzira yekunyatsogadzirisa inoderedza kuomarara kwependi kusvika pasi pe0.5μm, zvichiita kuti bepa rakafukidzwa rive nepamusoro pakaita segirazi. Panguva yekudhinda, inki inogona kunyudzwa zvakaenzana, kudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekusviba kweinki uye ruvara rusina kuenzana. Mugadziri wepepa rekudhinda anotungamira muJapan akaita bvunzo kwemwedzi mitanhatu, achiwedzera 10% yekabhoni yedu chena dema kune fomura yavo yekuputira bepa rakafukidzwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive inoshamisa: kuwedzera kwe25% mukupenya kwepepa, kuvandudzwa kwe15% mutsananguro yekudhindwa, uye kuwedzera kwe20% mukumhanya kwekuoma kwependi, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwekugadzira. Uyezve, kuramba kwepepa kukweshwa kwakawedzera ne18%, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwaro hwesherufu uye zvichiwedzera kukwikwidzana kwaro pamusika.

Kune mapepa etishu, kupfava uye kusimba ndizvo zviratidzo zviviri zvikuru zvinofarirwa nevatengi. Mapepa etishu echinyakare anowanzova nedambudziko rekushaya simba—zviri nyore kupwanyika kana akanyorova. Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwekabhoni nhema chena kune pulp yepepa retishu kunogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Nzvimbo yakakura yeganda retishu chena nhema inobvumira kuti igadzire hydrogen bonds ne cellulose fibers mu pulp, zvichiwedzera simba rekubatanidza pakati pemafibers. Kana huwandu hwekuwedzera huri 1-2%, simba rekubata rakaoma repepa retishu rinogona kuwedzerwa ne10%, uye simba rekubata rakanyorova rinogona kuwedzerwa ne15%, ukuwo kupfava kwepepa retishu hakukanganiswi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvidimbu zvakapfava zvekabhoni nhema chena zvinogona kuzadza mipata iri pakati pemafibers pasina kugadzira chimiro chakaoma, zvichiita kuti bepa retishu rirambe rakapfava uye rakasununguka kushandisa.

Imwe kambani yekuEurope yakabatanidza white carbon black mukugadzirwa kwayo uye yakaita bvunzo dzevatengi vasingaoni. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti 82% yevatengi vaida chigadzirwa chakagadziridzwa, vachiti chakasimba uye kupfava kwacho hakuna kuchinja. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvigadzirwa zvavo zvakarumbidzwa zvikuru nevatengi, uye kutengeswa kwakawedzera ne30% mukati mehafu yegore. Ongororo yakawedzerwa yakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwewhite carbon black kwakavandudzawo kuramba kwepepa kutsvuka, zvichiramba richichena kwenguva yakareba.

Mukugadzirwa kwemapepa ehunyanzvi akadai sepepa rekusefa uye pepa rekuputira magetsi, hunhu hwewhite carbon black hunoshandiswawo zvizere. Pepa rekusefa rekuchenesa mvura rinofanira kuva nekupinza kwakanaka uye kugona kupinza mvura. Kuwedzera fumed silica ine saizi yezvikamu zve5-10nm mu filter paper pulp kunogona kuwedzera kupinza kwepepa ne20%. Zvikamu zve silica zvine simba rakasimba rekupinza tsvina senge heavy metal ions uye organic matter mumvura, zvichiita kuti bepa rekusefa rive nekushanda kwakanyanya kwekusefa, uye kurongeka kwekusefa kunogona kusvika 0.1μm.

Muchirongwa chekuedza chakaitwa nekambani yekuchenesa mvura, silica yedu yakapiswa yakashandiswa mukugadzira bepa rekusefa. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti mwero wekubvisa maion esimbi inorema wakawedzera kubva pa75% kusvika pa92%, uye mwero wekubvisa tsvina yeorganic wakawedzera ne25%. Hunhu hwemvura yakanatswa hwakasangana nemitemo yakasimba yepasi rose yemvura yekunwa.

Bepa remagetsi rinodzivirira kupisa rinoda simba guru re dielectric uye kuramba kupisa. Kuwedzera black carbon yakachena (SiO₂ content ≥99.9%) mu insulation paper pulp kunogona kuvandudza simba re dielectric rebepa kubva pa15kV/mm kusvika pa25kV/mm uye kuwedzera grade rekudzivirira kupisa kubva kuClass A (105°C) kusvika kuClass B (130°C), zvichiita kuti rikwanise kushandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi ine voltage yakawanda.

Kambani yedu yakabatana nemugadziri wetransformer kuti vaedze mashandiro epepa rekuputira neblack yedu chena yekabhoni. Mushure memaawa chiuru ekushanda nguva dzose pa120°C, bepa rekuputira rakaramba richishanda zvakanaka kwazvo pakuputira magetsi, pasina kuora kwakakosha musimba re dielectric. Kubudirira uku kwakabvumira mugadziri kugadzira chizvarwa chitsva che transformers dzinoshanda zvakanyanya, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwesimba ne12%.

Kambani yedu inopa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvemachena kabhoni nhema zveindasitiri yemapepa, kusanganisira magiredhi anonyungudika, akachena zvakanyanya, uye akanaka kwazvo. Giredhi rega rega rakagadziridzwa kuti rikwanise kugadzirwa nemapepa—semuenzaniso, jira redu remachena kabhoni nhema rakaputirwa rine kukosha kwakaderera kwekunyudzwa kwemafuta (≤150ml/100g), izvo zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwebinder inoshandiswa mukuputira, zvichideredza mari yekugadzira; jira redu remapepa rakachena kabhoni nhema rine mvura inonyungudika zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti kupararira kwakaenzana mupulp. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvese zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza nharaunda zveindasitiri yemapepa, pasina simbi dzinorema kana zvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye zvinogona kuora munzvimbo yechisikigo, zvichideredza kusvibiswa kwenharaunda.

Panyaya yezvekutakura zvinhu, tinogona kupa zvinhu zvakawanda (500kg/bhegi) uye zvinhu zvidiki (25kg/bhegi) zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemutengi, uye kushanda pamwe chete nemakambani ehunyanzvi ekutakura zvinhu kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvinounzwa kufekitori yemutengi nenguva uye nenzira yakachengeteka. Chikwata chedu chebasa rekutengesa mushure mekutengesa chinowanikwa maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo, kuti chigadzirise chero matambudziko ane chekuita nechigadzirwa, tichipa vatengi ruzivo rusina kunetseka.