Silika, inozivikanwa zvikuru se white carbon black, i silica yakagadzirwa isina chimiro (SiO₂·nH₂O) ine nzvimbo yepamusoro, kugona kusimbisa kwakanaka uye hunhu hwakagadzikana hwemakemikari. Ihupfu hwakatsetseka huchena, husina chepfu, husina hwema, hunozivikanwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chakakosha chinoshanda muindasitiri yerabha nepolymer yemazuva ano. Kusiyana ne carbon black, silica inopa simba rakawanda uye inoenderana nemavara akajeka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha kumatayi egirini, zvinhu zverabha zvine mavara uye ma elastomers anoshanda zvakanyanya.
Kugadzirwa kwesilica mumaindasitiri kunonyanya kushandiswanzira yekunaya kwemvurauyenzira yekufuridzira. Silica yakanyorovaInogadzirwa nekushandisa sodium silicate ine acid, ichiteverwa nekusuka, kuomesa uye kugaya; ine nzvimbo iri pakati nepakati (150–400 m²/g) uye inodhura zvishoma, yakakodzera matayi nerabha. Fumed silica inogadzirwa ne hydrolysis ye silicon halide inodziya zvakanyanya, ine nano-size particles (10–40 nm), ultra-high purity (SiO₂ ≥99.8%) uye 3D chain structure, yakakodzera ma coatings emhando yepamusoro, adhesives uye electronics.
Mabhenefiti makuru e silica ari mukusimbisa, kukora/thixotropy, kudzivirira kugadzikana uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari. Murabha, inowedzera simba rekudhonza ne200–300%, inovandudza kuramba kwekupfekwa uye inoderedza kuramba kwekutenderera ne20–30%. Mumasisitimu emvura, inogadzira network inodzoreka: gobvu pakuzorora, yakatetepa pasi pekuchekwa, yakakodzera kuputirwa neingi. Hainyungudike mumvura uye mune zvakawanda zvinonyungudutsa, haipisi uye haibati moto, ichivimbisa kugadzikana munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Chikumbiro chikuru ndecheindasitiri yerabha (≈58% share), kunyanya matai egirini. Kutsiva 30–50% carbon black ne silica kunoderedza kuramba kwekutenderera, kunovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta ne5–7% uye kunowedzera kuramba kwekutsvedza kwemvura. Inoshandiswawo muzvigadziko zveshangu, mapombi, zvisimbiso uye zvigadzirwa zvesilicone kuti igare kwenguva refu uye igone kushandiswa zviri nani. Mumachira/mainki, silica inoshanda semushonga wekudzivirira kugadzikana, kudzora rheology uye matting agent. Mukurima, inoshanda semutakuri uye muparadziri wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nefetereza.
Kusarudzwa kwemhando yepamusoro kunotarisa panenzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro, kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvidimbu, pH uye hunyoro. Silica yemhando yepamusoro ine kupfava kwakaringana, kusvibiswa kwakaderera uye kupararira kwakanaka. Semutengesi wehunyanzvi, tinopa silica yemhando yerabha, yemhando yekuvhara uye yemhando yechikafu ine rutsigiro rwakasimba uye rwehunyanzvi.
Kana zvichienzaniswa nekabhoni dema, silica inopakuenderana kwemavara, kuramba kusingazungunuke zvakanyanya uye kugadzikana kuri nani kweUVHaisi kungozadza chete asi inobatsirawo pakugadzira zvinhu zvemazuva ano. Nekukura kwematayi egirini uye kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro, silica ichiri kukosha.
Isu tine hunyanzvi mukugadzira nekugovera silica, tichipa magiredhi akagadziriswa uye kutumira zvakawanda. Kuti uwane magadzirirwo, mienzaniso nemitengo, taura nesu chero nguva.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-15-2026