Kutanga kwechirimo, kunonziwo Lichun, kunomiririra izwi rekutanga mumutauro wechiChinese wezuva, rine zvirevo zvakadzama zvetsika uye tsika dzevanhu dzakagara kwenguva refu dzakapfuudzwa kwezviuru zvemakore. Rinoratidza kuchinja kwakajeka kubva muchando chinotonhora kuenda kuchirimo chinodziya, zvichiratidza kuzvarwa patsva, kukura uye kutanga kutsva kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvese—mashizha madiki ehuswa, miti mikuru, zvipembenene zvidiki nemhuka hombe zvakafanana. Izwi iri chikamu chakakosha chetsika dzechiChinese, rinozivikanwa uye rinopembererwa nevanhu vechiChinese pasi rose, richiva zambuko rinokosha rinobatanidza maChina ekune dzimwe nyika nemidzi yavo yetsika uye rinovabatsira kuchengetedza hukama hwakadzama netsika dzemadzitateguru avo.

Kutanga kwechirimo kwakatangira muChina yekare, uye kwakafambira mberi nekuvandudzika kwenhoroondo refu, kuchichinja pamwe chete netsika dzekurima. Vanhu vekare vakanyatsocherechedza shanduko dzezvinhu zvemudenga, mamiriro ekunze uye zviitiko zvechisikigo kuti vapatsanure gore kuita zvinhu zvezuva—hurongwa hwaive nebasa guru mukutungamira mabasa ezuva nezuva. Kutanga kwechirimo pakutanga kwaive chikamu chezvikamu zvisere zvezuva munguva dzekare, apo vanhu vaivimba zvakanyanya nezvisikwa kuti vawane chikafu uye vararame. Gare gare, panguva yeWestern Han Dynasty, yakava yekutanga yezvikamu makumi maviri nemana zvezuva, yakanyorwa zviri pamutemo uye yakasimudzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Hurongwa uhwu hunobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nehupenyu hwekurima, huchiudza varimi nguva yekugadzirira kudyara, kutarisira zvirimwa nekukohwa, huchiratidza huchenjeri hwevanhu vekare mukugara pamwe chete nezvisikwa uye kugadzirisa shanduko dzemwaka.

Kana Chirimo Chatanga, shanduko dzisinganzwisisike asi dzine zvadzinoreva dzinoitika muzvisikwa, zvichiratidza kupera kwechando uye kutanga kwekuvandudzwa. Mhepo inotonhora inodzima zvishoma nezvishoma, ichitsiviwa nemhepo inodziya inotakura kudziya kushoma. Chiedza chezuva chinodziya uye chinogara kwenguva yakareba, chichinyungudutsa chando kubva muuswa nemapazi emiti. Nzizi dzakaoma dzinotanga kunyunguduka, nehova diki dzichiyerera zvakare sezvo chando chinonyunguduka kuita mvura. Zvipembenene zvinogara kwenguva refu zvinomuka kubva pakurara kwenguva refu, zvichikambaira zvichibuda kuti zviongorore nzvimbo itsva, ukuwo maruva manyoro achimera pamapazi emiti uye achibuda mashizha madiki egirinhi. Huswa hunosunda muvhu, huchiratidza zviratidzo zvegirinhi zvakajeka zvehupenyu. Kunyangwe dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe dzichiri kutonhora kana dzimwe nguva sinou, maitiro ese ari kuenda kukupisa nekuvandudzwa, zvichiyeuchidza vanhu kuti chando chakaoma chapera uye chirimo chine simba chinouya nemikana mitsva.

Tsika dzakasiyana-siyana dzinonakidza dzevanhu dzakapfuudzwa kwemazana emakore kupemberera Kutanga kwechirimo, uye tsika dzakawanda dzichiripo nanhasi, dzichibatanidza vanhu nenhaka yavo yetsika. Imwe tsika yakakurumbira ndeyeBiting Spring, tsika inoratidza kugamuchira simba rechirimo kuburikidza nechikafu. Vanhu vanodya chikafu chakakosha kuti vagamuchire chirimo, senge mapancake echirimo, maspring rolls nemaradishes, chimwe nechimwe chine zvachinoreva zvakasiyana. Mapancake echirimo akatetepa uye akapfava, anowanzo kuputirwa nemiriwo mitsva nezvimwe zvinozadzwa, zvichimiririra kuunganidzwa kwekutsva kwechirimo. Maspring rolls anogadzirwa nekuputira zvinozadzwa mumukanyiwa mutete uye kugocha kusvika zvatsvukira, zvichiratidza kubudirira nekudziya. Maradishes akapfava uye ane muto, anofungidzirwa kuti anobvisa chepfu mumuviri kubva muchando uye anounza hutano hwakanaka hwemwaka mutsva. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine musiyano mudiki muBiting chikafu cheChirimo—mamwe anowedzera zvinozadzwa zvenyama, mamwe anoda sarudzo dzemiriwo chete—asi ese anoda kugamuchira simba rechirimo.

Kurova Nhove yeChirimo imwe tsika yakakosha, yakadzika midzi munzanga dzekurima uko mombe dzaikosha pakurima. Vanhu vekare vaigadzira mombe nevhu kana bepa, dzakashongedzwa nemapepa ane mavara airatidza goho rakanaka, kubudirira uye zviyo zvakawanda. Pakutanga kwechirimo, vakuru vemunharaunda kana vakuru vakuru vaitungamira mhemberero, vachirova mombe yechirimo neshamhu dzewillow vachinyengeterera zviyo zvakawanda uye rombo rakanaka mugore rinouya. Tsika iyi yakabva pakukosha kwemombe mukurima—mombe dzaibatsira varimi kurima minda, kudyara zvirimwa uye kutakura mitoro inorema. Kurova mombe yechirimo chinangwa chekumutsa ivhu kubva muhope dzechando, kukurudzira varimi kutanga mwaka mutsva wekudyara uye kuratidza tarisiro yegore rakabudirira. Nhasi, dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzichiri kuita chiitiko ichi kuchengetedza tsika, zvichikwezva vagari vemo nevashanyi kuti vabatane nemhemberero.

Dzimwe tsika dzinosanganisira Kugamuchira Chirimo, Kupfeka Zvishongo zveChirimo uye MaKite Anobhururuka, imwe neimwe ichiwedzera mufaro nerevo kumhemberero. Chirimo chinogamuchira pakutanga chaive chiitiko chikuru chaiitwa nemadzimambo ekare, avo vaitungamira vakuru kuti vanamate Mwari weChirimo uye vanyengeterere goho rakanaka nerunyararo rwenyika. Gare gare, chakava chiitiko chakakurumbira chevanhu: vanhu vaipfeka seVatumwa veChirimo, vaifamba-famba mumisha nemataundi, vachidanidzira kuti “Chirimo chiri kuuya” kuparadzira mufaro. Vasikana vadiki vaiwanzogadzira zvishongo zvidiki zvakaita semakonzo kana maruva nesirika ine mavara, vachizvipfeka nebvudzi kana kuzviturika pamatavi—maumbirwo aya anomiririra rombo rakanaka, mufaro uye kusvika kwechirimo. Makite anobhururuka akakurumbirawo, sezvo mhepo yechirimo yakapfava uye yakadzikama, yakakodzera kubhururuka nemakite. Vanhu vanobhururuka nemakite emhando dzakasiyana uye saizi, vachitenda kuti izvi zvinounza rombo rakanaka, vanodzinga rombo rakaipa uye vanovandudza hutano nekunakidzwa nemhepo yakachena yekunze.

Kutanga kwechirimo kunopembererwawo nevaChinese vekune dzimwe nyika, avo vakachinja tsika dzavo kuti dzienderane nehupenyu hwemuno uku vachichengetedza tsika dzavo. Munyika dzakadai seSingapore neMalaysia, musha wenharaunda huru dzechiChinese, vanhu vanoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekucherechedza zuva iri. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji vekuChina vanoisa mari mumabhanga paKutanga kwechirimo, tsika inoratidza kuchengetedza ramangwana uye kutarisira pfuma nekubudirira mugore idzva. Vanoitirawo minamato mumatemberi kana munzvimbo dzemunharaunda, vachitakura mifananidzo midiki yemombe dzechirimo uye vachipa zvibayiro zvekushuvira mhuri rombo rakanaka, hutano nemufaro. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Kutanga kwechirimo kwave chiratidzo chakakosha chetsika kune veChina vepasi rose, zvichibatsira kupfuudza tsika dzechivanhu muzvizvarwa nezvizvarwa uye kusimbisa hukama pakati penharaunda dzeChina dzekunze kwenyika.

Kunze kwetsika dzevanhu, Kutanga kwechirimo kunopesvedzera zvakanyanya mabhuku nehunyanzvi hwechiChinese, zvichikurudzira mabasa asingaverengeki achirumbidza runako rweshoko iri. Vanyori vekare vakanyora nhetembo vachitsanangura zviitiko zvechirimo—maruva anotumbuka, mhepo inotonhorera nemhuka dzinorarama—vachiratidza kushuvira kutanga kutsva uye kukoshesa runako rwezvisikwa. Vanyori vakapenda nzvimbo nezviitiko zvevanhu zvine chekuita neKutanga kwechirimo, vachitora hunhu hwemwaka uye kukosha kwetsika. Mabasa aya anoratidza rudo rwevanhu kune zvakasikwa uye kuremekedza kutenderera kwemwaka. Kunyangwe nanhasi, Kutanga kwechirimo kuchiri chikamu chakakosha chetsika dzechiChinese: zvikoro nenharaunda zvinoita mabasa ekuunza tsika, dzakadai sekugadzira zvishongo zvechirimo kana kutaura nezvemazwi ezuva, kubatsira vechidiki kunzwisisa nekugara nhaka yetsika.

Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vanhu vanogadzirisa mararamiro avo nekutanga kwechirimo, vachitevera uchenjeri hwekare kuti vagadzirise shanduko dzemwaka. Vanonyanya kutarisisa hutano, vachitarisa kudya kwakareruka, kutsva nemiriwo yemwaka yakaita sechives, sipinachi nebamboo shoots—zvinotendwa kuti zvine zvinovaka muviri zvakawanda uye zvakakodzera chirimo. Vanhu vazhinji vanoitawo mabasa ekunze, akadai sekufamba netsoka, kufamba netsoka kana kubhururuka nekite, kuti vanakirwe nemamiriro ekunze anodziya nemhepo yakachena, zvichibatsira miviri nepfungwa kuti dzigadzirire kuchinja kubva muchando kuenda kuchirimo. Pamusoro pezvo, vazhinji vanotora mukana uyu kuita zvirongwa zvitsva, kuisa zvinangwa kana kutanga mapurojekiti, sezvo Kutanga kwechirimo kuchifananidzira kutanga kutsva. Kunoyeuchidza vanhu zvisinei nekuti chando chinotonhora sei, chirimo chinogara chichiuya, chichiunza tariro, simba uye mikana yekutanga patsva.

Kutanga kwechirimo hakusi kungotaura kwezuva chete; inotakura nhaka yetsika dzechiChinese inokosha, inomiririra huchenjeri hwevanhu vekare, kuremekedza zvisikwa uye kutsvaga hupenyu hwakanaka. Inobatanidza zvisikwa, kurima nehupenyu hwevanhu, ichiratidza hukama hwakabatana pakati pevanhu nezvisikwa zvinokosheswa mutsika dzechiChinese kwezviuru zvemakore. Ichipembererwa pasi rose nevanhu vekuChina, inokurudzirawo kuchinjana kwetsika, ichibatsira nyika kunzwisisa zvakawanda nezvetsika dzechiChinese netsika dzayo. Tsika iyi isingaperi ine nhoroondo, tsika netariro yeramangwana, zvichiramba zvichipfuudzwa kuzvizvarwa nezvizvarwa, zvichiunza tariro, mufaro nesimba kuvanhu gore rega rega.