Chii chinonzi Diatomite?

Diatomite idombo remhando ye siliceous sedimentary rine mapfupa akawanda e diatoms ekare, rine zvinhu zvakaita se porosity yakakwira, adsorption, uye filtration. Chinhu chikuru che diatomite i amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO₂), inowanzoita zvinopfuura 80% uye inosvika 94%, ukuwo iinewo tsvina diki yakaita seAl₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, uye organic matter. Hunhu hweDiatomite hwepanyama nemakemikari hwakaita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana pasi rose, nekushandiswa kwacho kunosanganisira hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

1. Kuumbwa kweDiatomite: Chishamiso cheGeological chakaumbwa nehupenyu hwekare nenguva

Chinhu chikuru che diatomite imadziro emasero e siliceous (frustules) e diatoms dzekare—algae ine microscopic yaigara mumakungwa, mumakungwa, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura. Munguva yehupenyu hwavo, zvipenyu izvi zvaiburitsa silica yakanyungudutswa kubva mumvura kuti zvivake madziro avo emasero akaomarara, ane maburi. Diatoms payakafa, mapfupa avo e silica aigara pasi pemvura, achiungana muhuwandu hwakawanda. Pasi pekupisa kwakananga, kumanikidzwa, uye mamiriro ezve geology kwemamiriyoni emakore, madhaka aya akaumbwa nekuumbwa, achishanduka kuita dombo rakapfava, rakaita sechoko ratinoti diatomite. Munguva iyi, chimiro chakaomarara che diatom frustules chakachengetedzwa, nokudaro zvichiisa hwaro hwehunhu hwakasiyana hwe diatomite.

Nhasi, madhipoziti emhando yepamusoro e diatomite ari kupararira pasi rose. Nzvimbo huru dzinogadzira dhipoziti dzinosanganisira United States, China, Denmark, Japan, France, neMexico. China iri panhamba yechipiri pasi rose muzviwanikwa zve diatomite, ine madhipoziti makuru ari kuNortheast China (Jilin Changbai Mountain), Xinle (Hebei), matunhu ekumabvazuva, Panxi (Sichuan), uye kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweYunnan. Madhipoziti aya akasiyana mukugadzirwa kwezvicherwa uye nzira dzekugadzirisa (dzinorongwa segrey raw diatomite, yellow calcined diatomite, uye white flux-calcined diatomite), asi ese ane hunhu hwepakati hwe diatomite—kupinza kwakanaka uye kugona kunyungudutsa kunobva muchimiro chakaoma che diatomite dzakagadziriswa.

2. Hunhu Hukuru hweDiatomite: Sei ichishamisa kudaro?

Kushanda zvakanaka kwe diatomite kunobva muchimiro che microstructure uye makemikari e diatom dzakaumbwa.

Nzvimbo Yakakura uye Nzvimbo Yakakura: Diatomite ine chimiro chakaoma chine maburi ane maburi anosvika 90%, zvichiita kuti ive nenzvimbo yakakura chaiyo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ikwanise kunyungudika zvakanaka uye inokwanisa kusefa kuti ibvise zvidimbu zvidiki netsvina.

Kugona Kusvina: Maumbirwo ema "diatom frustules" ane maburi madiki anogadzira nzira diki dzisingaverengeki dzinogona kunyudza mvura, magasi, zvinhu zvakasikwa, uye zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa, ukuwo zvichichengetedza hunyoro nezvinovaka muviri zvinobudirira.

Kugadzikana kweMakemikari: Diatomite inogara kwenguva refu mumakemikari, haipindi maacid (kunze kwehydrofluoric acid), haina chepfu, haina hwema, uye haina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza. Haikurumidzi kupindirana nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kunosanganisira chikafu nemishonga.

Kuwanda Kwakaderera uye Kudzivirira Kupisa: Diatomite yakareruka zvikuru (hukuru hwayo hunosvika 0.3-0.5 g/cm³) uye ine kupisa kwakaderera, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakanaka chekudzivirira kupisa chinoshandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya.

Kupinda kwemvura uye Kusefa: Kugoverwa kwehukuru hwemaburi akafanana kunobvumira kudzora kusefa kwakanyatsojeka, nemagiredhi akasiyana (300# kusvika 1000#) anowanikwa kune akasiyana siyana zvinodiwa zvekusefa kubva pakukora kusvika pakutetepa.

Kuramba Kuora: Pasinei nehuremu hwayo hushoma, diatomite ine kuoma kuri pakati nepakati kwakakodzera kushandiswa pakupukuta pasina kukwenya pamusoro.

Hunhu uhwu hunoshanda pamwe chete, zvichiita kuti diatomite ive chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Inogona kushandiswa sechinobatsira pakusefa, kunyudza, kuzadza, kutakura, kana sechinodzivirira kuti igutse zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.

Diatomite inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye yakabatana zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvese zvehupfumi hwenyika, ichiita basa risingatsiviwi mumaindasitiri, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye mararamiro evanhu.

3. Mashandisirwo Akasiyana-siyana eDiatomite

3.1 Kusefa uye Kuparadzanisa (Mashandisirwo Akakosha)

Kugona kwayo kupinza mvura, kupinda kwemvura, uye kunyungudutsa mvura zvakanaka kunoita kuti ive chinhu chakanaka chekubatsira pakusefa:

Kusefa Kwechikafu Nechinwiwa: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mudoro, waini, muto wemichero, mafuta anodyiwa, uye shuga syrup. Pakugadzira doro, diatomite inobvisa mbiriso, mapuroteni, nezvimwe tsvina, zvichiita kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inotaridzika zvakanaka uye inonaka.

Kusefa Kwemvura Mumaindasitiri: Zvakakosha pakusefa mafuta, mafuta ehydraulic, uye mhinduro dzemagetsi, kubvisa tsvina yemakanika uye colloids kuti michina irambe iripo kwenguva refu uye ive nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chakanaka.

Kurapa Mvura: Inoshandiswa mumvura yekunwa uye mukurapa mvura yakasviba kubvisa tsvina, zvinhu zvipenyu, uye maion esimbi inorema, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwevhu uye kuvandudza kunaka kwemvura.

3.2 Kudzivirirwa uye Kucheneswa Kwezvakatipoteredza

Kukwanisa kwakasimba kweDiatomite kunyudza mvura kunoita kuti ive chinhu chemhando yepamusoro chisingakuvadzi nharaunda:

Kucheneswa Kwemhepo: Inoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekusefa mweya uye sechinowedzera mumadziro emukati (diatom mud), inonyudza formaldehyde nemamwe magasi anokuvadza uku ichidzora hunyoro kuburikidza ne "kufema" kwayo—inonyudza hunyoro kana hunyoro uye inohuburitsa kana hwaoma.

Kurapa Gasi Remarara: Inobvisa magasi anokuvadza akadai sehydrogen sulfide kubva mumhepo inobuda mumaindasitiri uye inogona kushandiswa mumashini ekuchenesa utsi hwemotokari.

Kuchenesa Mafuta neMakemikoro: Kukwanisa kwayo kupinza mafuta akawanda kunoita kuti ishande zvakanaka pakuchenesa mafuta akadururwa uye kudonhedza kwemakemikari.

3.3 Zvishandiso zvekuvaka nekuvaka

Nekuda kwezvibatsiro zvayo zvikuru zvekureruka, kupisa, uye kudzivirira moto, ine kukosha kwakakosha mumunda wekuvaka:

Zvinhu zvekudzivirira kupisa: Yakagadzirwa nezvidhinha, mapuranga, nemapaipi ekudzivirira kupisa ediatomite ekuvaka madziro nemidziyo yeindasitiri, zvichipa mukana wakanaka wekuchengetedza kupisa nekuda kwekusapisa kwakanyanya.

Kuputira Madhaka eDiatom: Kuvhara kwemadziro kunozivikanwa mukati meimba kunonyungudutsa formaldehyde, kunodzora hunyoro, kudzivirira chakuvhuvhu, uye kunopa kudzivirira moto, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzakanaka dzekugara.

Konkriti yakareruka: Yakawedzerwa mukongiri yekuderedza huremu hwekuvaka uku ichivandudza hunhu hwekupisa uye hweacoustic insulation.

Nzvimbo yekurima: Magranule eruvara rwebeige (1-3mm, 3-6mm, 6-9mm) anoshandiswa pakudyara miti, zvichivandudza kufefetera kwevhu uye kuchengetedza mvura.

3.4 Kurima neKuchengeta Zvipfuyo

Nekuda kwekunyorovesa kwayo kwakasimba uye kusakuvadza, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima nekuchengeta mhuka:

Kugadziriswa kweIvhu: Inowedzerwa muvhu revhu kuti iwedzere kufefetera kwemhepo uye kuyerera kwemvura; inowedzera kuchengetedza mvura nezvinovaka muviri muvhu rejecha, zvichikurudzira kukura kwemidzi ine hutano uye kukura kwezvirimwa.

Mushonga wezvipembenene neFetereza: Inoshanda semutakuri wemishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga yefungi, uye fetereza, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvinoshanda zviburitswe zvakanaka uye kuvandudza mashandisirwo azvo.

Chinowedzera Kudyisa: Inowedzerwa mukudya kwehuku nekwekupfuya mhuka kuti inwe mycotoxins, inokurudzira kugaya chikafu kuburikidza nechimiro chayo chine maburi, uye inovandudza hutano hwemhuka.

Kushandiswa Kwemishonga Yezvipembenene: Inoshandiswa zvakananga semushonga wezvipembenene wemuchina kana muzviputi zveumhutu nembeu, ine magiredhi machena kana grey mazana matatu nemakumi maviri nemashanu ari epamusoro.

3.5 Mamwe Maindasitiri

Rabha nePurasitiki Kuzadza: Yakabatanidzwa mumatayi, zvigadzirwa zverabha, uye mapurasitiki kuti iwedzere kusimba, kuramba kukwesha, uye kuramba kupisa uku ichideredza mari yekugadzira.

Kugadzira Mapepa: Inoshandiswa semuchina wekuzadza nekuisa chifukidziro kunatsiridza kuchena kwepepa, kutsvedzerera, uye kunyudzwa kweinki, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwepulp.

Kupukuta uye Kubvisa Mavanga: Zvidimbu zvayo zvakanaka, zvine hunyoro uye zvine mwero zvinoita hupfu hwakanaka hwekukwesha simbi, magirazi, uye pamusoro pematombo.

Zvizoro uye Kutarisirwa Kwemunhu: Inowedzerwa kumasiki ekumeso, mishonga yekuchenesa, uye zvigadzirwa zvekubvisa mafuta kuti ibvise mafuta akawandisa, ibvise tsvina, uye ibvise masero eganda akafa.

Mutakuri weCatalyst: Kugadzikana kwayo kwemakemikari uye nzvimbo yakakura pamusoro zvinoita kuti ive rutsigiro rwakakodzera rwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa makemikari mukushanda kwemakemikari.

4. Ungasarudza Sei Diatomite Yemhando Yepamusoro?

Hunhu hweDiatomite hunosiyana zvikuru. Kushanda kwayo kunoenderana nezvinoratidza zvakakosha zvakaita sekwakabva, nzira yekugadzirisa, uye saizi yezvidimbu. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza diatomite:

Nzira Yokugadzirisa: Diatomite chena ine calcium yakawanda (yakachena kupfuura dzose, 78-85 kuchena) yakakodzera kushandiswa pakudya, pamishonga, uye pakushongedza kwepamusoro-soro. Diatomite ine calcium yakawanda inopa mari yakawanda yekusefa nekuvandudza ivhu. Diatomite isina calcium yakawanda (isina calcium yakawanda) yakakodzera kushandiswa pakurima nekuvaka zvinoda hunhu hwechisikigo.

Giredhi rekubvumidzwa kubvumidzwa: Pakusefa, sarudza nhamba dzakakodzera dzekupinza mvura—325 mesh yekusefa zvakanaka (madziva ekushambira, zvinwiwa), 500# yekusefa mafuta akajairika (anonyanya kushandiswa), 700#-1000# yezvinwiwa zvinonamira (syrup, chemical solutions), uye 300# yekuchenesa tsvina.

Saizi yeChidimbu: Zvidimbu zvakapfava (325 mesh, 600 mesh) zvinopa nzvimbo yakakura yekuputira uye kushandisa rabha. Magiredhi akakora (20-60 mesh, 100 mesh) akakodzera kushandiswa pakubvisa majecha, jecha rekugeza nemaoko, uye kugadzira zvinhu zvekurima.

Kuchena uye Ruvara: Kuchena kwakanyanya kunoratidza kuchena kwakanyanya uye kushanda zvakanaka. Zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvekudya zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zveGB 14936-2012; mashandisirwo emaindasitiri anotevera GB/T24265-2014.

Zvimiro zvemuviri: Zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinofanirwa kunge zvakareruka (inenge 2.5 cubic metres patani yemhando dzakajairwa), zvakapfava, uye zvisina tsvina yakawandisa kana mavara matema.

Chitupa Chekutevedzera Mutemo: Sarudza vatengesi vane ISO9001 kana zvimwe zvitupa zvesystem; zvigadzirwa zvemhando yechikafu/mishonga zvinofanirwa kunge zvine zvitupa zvekuchengetedza, uye zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose yakaita seRoHS neREACH.

5. Kuenzanisa Diatomite nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana

Diatomite, bentonite, perlite, uye activated carbon imwe neimwe ine simba rayo uye mashandisirwo ayo: Bentonite ine kugona kukuru kwekuzvimba uye cation exchange, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kucherwa kwevhu uye kudzivirira mvura, asi haina chimiro chakakodzera chepore uye hunhu hwakareruka hwediatomite; Perlite inopa insulation yakanaka yekupisa uye hunhu hwakareruka, nepo diatomite ine mabhenefiti mukunyatso pfapfaidza, kugona kunyungudutsa, uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari, zvichiita kuti ive inoshanda kupfuura perlite mukusefa chikafu nezvinwiwa uye kuchenesa mweya; Activated carbon inopa adsorption yepamusoro yemakemikari eorganic nekunhuhwirira, asi diatomite inopa kushanda kwakanaka kwekusefa, mutengo wakaderera, uye hunhu hwekupisa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kusefa kukuru kweindasitiri nezvinhu zvekuvaka. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo; mukushandiswa kunoda porosity yakawanda, kusefa kwakanyatsojeka, insulation yakareruka, uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza, mabhenefiti ediatomite haana kuenzana.

Mhedziso: Diatomite — Mhinduro Yechisikigo Yekuvandudza Kwemazuva Ano

Kubva pakutsigira mvura yakachena nekugadzirwa kwechikafu chine hutano kusvika pakuchengetedza hunhu hwezvakatipoteredza, kubva pakusimudzira kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa kusvika pakuvandudza hupenyu, diatomite, ine mavambo ayo echisikigo uye hunhu hwayo hunoshanda, yave chinhu chakakosha munharaunda yemazuva ano.

Semutengesi ane hunyanzvi ane zvicherwa zvakawanda uye tekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzirisa, tinogona kupa mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa kusefa, kuchengetedza nharaunda, kuvaka, kurima, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvakapasa ongororo dzakasimba dzemhando yepamusoro uye zvitupa zvekutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose, zvichivimbisa kuvimbika uye kugadzikana.

Kunyangwe muchida zvinhu zvinobatsira pakusefa zvekudya, zvinosanganisa maindasitiri, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, kana zvinhu zvekurima, timu yedu yakazvipira kukupai sevhisi yakasarudzika uye masampuli emahara kuti ikubatsirei kuwana chigadzirwa che diatomite chakakodzera. Tinotarisira kushanda nemi nemwoyo wese kuti tigadzire remangwana rinoshanda zvakanaka, risingakuvadzi zvakatipoteredza, uye rinogara kwenguva refu!